Synthetic Optimization and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Benzodioxepine-Biphenyl Amide Derivatives.

The biosynthesis of fatty acids constitutes a critical metabolic pathway in bacterial organisms. Prior investigations have highlighted the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds anchored in the benzodioxepin scaffold, noted for their pronounced antibacterial properties. Leveraging this foundational knowledge, the current research endeavors to meticulously engineer and synthesize a series of eight innovative benzodioxepin amide-biphenyl derivatives.

Effects of calving interval of dairy cows on development, metabolism, and milk performance of their offspring.

Extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) for insemination in dairy cows is of interest as a strategy to reduce the frequency of calving events and inseminate at a moment with fewer fertility problems. Little is known about the calves born from dams with a different VWP followed by a different calving interval (CInt). The objective of the current study was to identify the effect of dam's CInt on body condition, metabolic status, and milk production of their offspring from birth until 100 DIM of the offspring's first lactation.

Target identification, and optimization of dioxygenated amide derivatives as potent antibacterial agents with FabH inhibitory activity.

The enzyme FabH plays a critical role in the initial step of fatty acid biosynthesis, which is vital for the survival of bacteria. As a result, FabH has emerged as an appealing target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this study, employing the chemical proteomics method, we validated the previously identified skeleton amide derivatives bearing dioxygenated rings, potentially formed through metabolic processes.

Rumen-protected glucose supplementation alters fecal microbiota and its metabolic profiles in early lactation dairy cows.

Introduction: Negative energy balance (NEB) is the pathological basis of metabolic disorders in early lactation dairy cows. Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) is a feed additive to relieve NEB of cows in early lactation. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the impact of different doses of RPG supply on fecal microbiota and metabolome in early lactation dairy cows, and their correlation with each other.

Formulation and characterization of experimental orthodontic adhesive containing antibacterial dimethacrylate DABCO monomers: An in vitro study.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy and mechanical properties of experimental orthodontic adhesives containing newly synthesized antibacterial dimethacrylate monomers with doubly charged 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) group (dication).

Dietary supplementation with inulin improves lactation performance and serum lipids by regulating the rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows.

This study investigated the effects of inulin on rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal microbiome and metabolites, as well as lactation performance and serum indexes in dairy cows. Sixteen Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 2 groups ( = 8 per group), with inulin addition at 0 and 200 g/d per cow. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks, including a 1-week adaptation period and a 5-week treatment period.

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows.

Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) plays an important role in alleviating the negative energy balance of dairy cows. This study used a combination of rumen microbes 16S and metabolomics to elucidate the changes of rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites of different doses of RPG's rumen degradation part in early-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to control (CON), low-RPG (LRPG), medium-RPG (MRPG), or high-RPG (HRPG) groups in a randomized block design.

A computer-assisted human peripheral blood leukocyte image classification method based on Siamese network.

A computer-assisted human peripheral blood leukocyte image classification method based on Siamese network is proposed. Firstly, a Siamese network with two identical convolutional neural network (CNN) sub-networks and a logistic regression for leukocyte five classification is designed, which can learn not only distinguishing features but also a similarity metric. Then for each category of the leukocytes, a typical sample is selected by the hematologist.

Human peripheral blood leukocyte classification method based on convolutional neural network and data augmentation.

Purpose: Human peripheral blood leukocytes' classification is important for diagnosing blood diseases. Many microscopic leukocyte image automatic detection methods are proposed. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are applied to microscopic leukocyte image automatic classification.

Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages.

The dentist has a responsibility to provide nutritional counseling and fluoride consumption recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the concentrations of fluoride in a large number of alternative milk beverages and bovine milk. Thirty-three milk alternatives, including 9 diverse types and 11 different brands, were analyzed using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) and an ISE meter.

Formulation and characterization of antibacterial orthodontic adhesive.

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate experimental orthodontic bracket adhesives and test their mechanical properties, fluoride release and antibacterial activity.

Methods: Four experimental antibacterial orthodontic bracket adhesives were prepared with different compositions of synthesized antibacterial monomers replacing total 5% of dental monomers in the control Transbond XT (3M): 5%C11, 3.5%C11+1.

Quick Leukocyte Nucleus Segmentation in Leukocyte Counting.

The leukocyte nucleus quick segmentation is one of the key techniques in leukocyte real-time online scanning of human blood smear. We propose a quick leukocyte nucleus segmentation method based on the component difference in RGB color space. By analyzing the captured microscopic images of the peripheral blood smears from the autoscanning microscope, it is found that the difference values between B component and G component (B - G values) in the regions of the leukocyte nuclei and the platelets are much bigger than those in the other regions, even in the regions including the stains.

Analysis of cariogenic potential of alternative milk beverages by in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm model and ex vivo caries model.

Objective: To evaluate the potential of various alternative milk beverages to support bacterial biofilm formation and acid production and cause unbalanced demineralization.

Design: in vitro assays were used to examine the ability of the beverages to support Streptococcus mutans' biofilm formation and acid production from sugar fermentation and the capacity of the beverages to buffer pH changes. Biofilm formation was done using 96-well plate model.

High precision computer-generated moiré profilometry.

Recently, a computer-generated moiré profilometry was proposed by our research group. It can effectively avoid the influence of the transient caused by moiré fringes' direct acquisition and generally owns a higher accuracy. But when the spatial spectrum of the captured deformed pattern is severely aliased caused by the measured object, the accuracy of this method may be affected to some extent due to the impure background light component extraction.

Synthesis, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of new antibacterial dental monomers.

Purpose: To synthesize a small library of antibacterial dental monomers based on quaternary ammonium salts and to test their antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria.

Methods: Five new antibacterial monomers were synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and HRMS.

Results: Cytotoxicity assays using human gingival fibroblast cells showed that these new antibacterial monomers were biocompatible at concentrations of 10⁻⁵ M and displayed less cytotoxicity than BisGMA, a common dental monomer.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Maresin-like Lipid Mediators.

Maresin-L1 (14,22-dihydroxy-docosa-4,7,10,12,16,19-hexaenoic acid) and maresin-L2 (14,22-dihydroxy-docosa-4,7,10,12,16,19-hexaenoic acid) were chemically synthesized. They were identical to activated macrophage produced counterparts and their total synthesis was highly Stereoselective, as revealed by chiral LC-UV-MS/MS analysis. The synthesis involved the following steps: (1) kinetic resolution of a racemic allylic alcohol by the asymmetric epoxidation; (2) transformation of the epoxy alcohol to γ-hydroxyenal derivative; and (3) the Wittig reaction to furnish the -olefin.

[A robust classification method for five types of leukocytes in peripheral blood based on mean-shift clustering].

A new leukocyte classification method for recognition of five types of human peripheral blood smear based on mean-shift clustering is proposed. The key idea of the proposed method is to extract the texture features of leukocytes in a visual manner which can benefit from human eyes. Firstly, some feature points are extracted in a gray leukocyte image by mean-shift.

Computer-generated Moiré profilometry.

A new 3D measuring method based on computer-generated moiré fringes is proposed. The two AC components of the 0-degree and 90-degree phase-shifted fringe patterns on reference plane are prepared in advance. While the AC component of the single-shot deformed pattern is multiplied by the two prepared AC components, respectively, two computer-generated moiré fringes can be retrieved.

Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Biocompatibility of Novel 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]Octane (DABCO) Compounds and DABCO-Containing Denture Base Resins.

The fungal pathogen causes a variety of oral infections, including denture stomatitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with dentures and affects a significant number of otherwise healthy denture wearers. While antifungal treatment reduces symptoms, infections are often recurrent. One strategy to address this problem is to incorporate compounds with fungicidal activities into denture materials to prevent colonization.

Photo-cross-linked Antibacterial Zein Nanofibers Fabricated by Reactive Electrospinning and its Effects against .

Native zein electrospun nanofibers have shown poor solvent resistance and low mechanical strength. Compared to other toxic cross-linkers, a safer method of stabilizing zein based fibers while retaining or with improved mechanical strength is needed to convert these materials for biomedical applications where culture media or body fluids may be present. We report here a method of fabricating non-toxic zein nanofibers using reactive electrospinning coupled with photo-cross-linking.

Fabrication and Characterization of a Glucose-sensitive Antibacterial Chitosan-Polyethylene Oxide Hydrogel.

A novel glucose-sensitive chitosan-polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO =1:0.5~1:2.5) hydrogel with controlled release of metronidazole (MNZ) was obtained by chemical cross-linking and immobilization of glucose oxidase (GO).

In vitro fracture resistance of three commercially available zirconia crowns for primary molars.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the fracture resistance of primary mandibular first molar zirconia crowns from three different manufacturers-EZ Pedo (EZP), NuSmile (NSZ), and Kinder Krowns (KK)-and compare it with the thickness of the zirconia crowns and the measured fracture resistance of preveneered stainless steel crowns (SSCs).

Methods: The thickness of 20 zirconia crowns from three manufacturers were measured. The mean force required to fracture the crowns was determined.

Influence of promoter and signal peptide on the expression of pullulanase in Bacillus subtilis.

To achieve efficient expression and secretion of a biologically-active pullulanase, the effect of promoter and signal peptide on the production of pullulanase was studied. Three types of promoters (PP43, P apr and P amy ) and four types of signal peptides (SP sacB , SP amy , SP aprl and SP aprs ) were combined to construct twelve expression cassettes for pullulanase in Bacillus subtilis. The pullulanase activity assay was employed to quantify the level of differential expression, and a real-time PCR assay was applied to comparatively track the transcriptional level.

Formulation and characterization of antibacterial fluoride-releasing sealants.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to formulate and characterize experimental antibacterial fluoride-releasing sealants and compare them with commercial sealants for fluoride release, recharge, adhesion, and microleakage.

Methods: Two experimental sealants (Exp-1, Exp-2) containing a synthesized antibacterial fluoride-releasing monomer and fluoride-releasing filler were formulated. Exp-2 also contained NovaMin nanoparticles.

A single-step mixing cloning method for assembly of lentiviral short hairpin RNA expression vectors for gene silencing.

Lentiviral expression vectors encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) are widely used for RNAi-based gene silencing in mammalian cells. However, current methods for the construction of shRNA expression vectors require multiple steps, which are expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. Here, we developed a single-step mixing cloning method for the generation of lentiviral shRNA expression vectors.