The prospective associations of fetal growth-related pregnancy complications with subsequent breastfeeding duration and markers of human milk production.

Background: The development of the breast for lactation occurs throughout pregnancy. It is unknown whether pregnancy complications resulting in poor fetal growth can affect breastfeeding (BF) success.

Objectives: We examined whether fetal growth-related pregnancy complications were associated with earlier BF cessation and changes in the concentrations of human milk biomarkers of low milk production.

Postpartum Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Singapore.

Objectives: In Singapore, diabetes imposes a huge population health and economic burden. Despite that, there is paucity of evidence on the health economics of screening programs for type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of screening after gestational diabetes (GDM). The objective of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of universal lifelong screening for type 2 diabetes after GDM, which is supported by current guidelines, compared with elective screening where 54% of mothers with GDM undertake one-off screening.

Toddler disorganized attachment in relation to cortical thickness and socioemotional problems in late childhood.

Disorganized attachment is a risk for mental health problems, with increasing work focused on understanding biological mechanisms. Examining late childhood brain morphology may be informative - this stage coincides with the onset of many mental health problems. Past late childhood research reveals promising candidates, including frontal lobe cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.

Neonatal Nucleus Accumbens Microstructure Modulates Individual Susceptibility to Preconception Maternal Stress in Relation to Externalizing Behaviors.

Objective: Maternal stress influences in utero brain development and is a modifiable risk factor for offspring psychopathologies. Reward circuitry dysfunction underlies various internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies. This study examined (1) the association between maternal stress and microstructural characteristics of the neonatal nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a major node of the reward circuitry, and (2) whether neonatal NAcc microstructure modulates individual susceptibility to maternal stress in relation to childhood behavioral problems.

The effects of acute social ostracism on subsequent snacking behavior and future body mass index in children.

Background/objectives: Ostracism may lead to increased food intake, yet it is unclear whether greater reactivity to ostracism contributes to higher body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether children who exhibited greater stress to social exclusion subsequently consume more energy and whether this predicts BMI 6- and 18-months later.

Subjects/methods: Children (8.

Associations of cord plasma per- and polyfluoroakyl substances (PFAS) with neonatal and child body composition and adiposity: The GUSTO study.

Background: The influence of prenatal exposure to per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on birth size and offspring adiposity is unclear, especially for the newer, shorter-chained replacement PFAS.

Methods: In the GUSTO multi-ethnic Singaporean mother-offspring cohort, 12 PFAS were measured in 783 cord plasma samples using ultra-performance-liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Outcomes included offspring anthropometry, other indicators of body composition/metabolic health, and MRI-derived abdominal adiposity (subset) at birth and 6 years of age.

A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood.

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition.

Examining the factor structure and validity of the WHOQOL-AGE among the oldest-old Chinese in Singapore.

Objectives: A short measure of quality of life in old age is essential. The present study examined the factor structure and validity of the 13-item WHOQOL-AGE among the oldest-old.

Methods: Data came from 1,000 Chinese aged ≥85 years in Singapore.

Cross-sectional and prospective associations between children's 24-h time use and their health-related quality of life: a compositional isotemporal substitution approach.

Background: Promoting active, balanced lifestyles among children may be an important approach to optimising their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the relationships between children's movement behaviours and HRQoL remain unclear.

Methods: We examined the associations between movement behaviours (sleep, inactivity, light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity) assessed using accelerometers at ages 8 and 10 years and self-reported HRQoL scores (overall, and physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, relationship with family and friends, and school functioning domains) at age 10 years among 370 children in a local birth cohort using compositional isotemporal substitution techniques.

Axial length elongation profiles from 3 to 6 years in an Asian paediatric population: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort study (GUSTO).

Aims: To determine axial length (AL) elongation profiles in children aged 3-6 years in an Asian population.

Methods: Eligible subjects were recruited from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort. AL measurement was performed using IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) at 3 and 6 years.

Variations in Cortical Functional Gradients Relate to Dimensions of Psychopathology in Preschool Children.

Objective: It is unclear how the functional brain hierarchy is organized in preschool-aged children, and whether alterations in the brain organization are linked to mental health in this age group. Here, we assessed whether preschool-aged children exhibit a brain organizational structure similar to that of older children, how this structure might change over time, and whether it might reflect mental health.

Method: This study derived functional gradients using diffusion embedding from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 4.

Sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the temporal profiling of bile acids, fatty acids and branched-chain alpha-keto acids in maternal plasma during pregnancy and cord blood plasma at delivery.

Background And Aims: There are significant changes to the maternal inflammatory profile across pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that perturbations in maternal gut microbial and dietary-derived plasma metabolites over the course of pregnancy mediate inflammation through a complex interplay of immunomodulatory effects. Despite this body of evidence, there is currently no analytical method that is suitable for the simultaneous profiling of these metabolites within human plasma.

Longitudinal Dietary Trajectories With Cognitive and Psychosocial Well-Being in Chinese Adults Aged 85 Years and Older in Singapore.

Background And Objectives: Studies on longitudinal trajectories of diet and the influence on aging in older adults are limited. We characterized diet quality trajectories over the past 2 decades among adults aged ≥85 years and examined their associations with cognitive and psychosocial outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: We used data from 861 participants in the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Preconception sleep quality moderates the association between preconception hair cortisol levels and mental health in pregnant women.

Background: Poor sleep quality may elevate cortisol levels and affect prenatal mental health through altered HPA axis functioning. This study aims to examine whether subjective sleep quality during preconception moderates the association between preconception hair cortisol levels and mental health from preconception to pregnancy trimesters.

Methods: Women from a prospective cohort study completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires during preconception (T0) and at each pregnancy trimesters (T1, T2, and T3).

Nutrient trajectories during infancy and their associations with childhood neurodevelopment.

Purpose: To examine the associations between infants' dietary nutrient trajectories and subsequent neurodevelopment during childhood in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes study.

Methods: One-day food records were collected at ages 6, 9 and 12 months, whilst Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 were conducted at ages 24 and 54 months respectively. Nutrient trajectories were constructed using multi-level mixed modelling and associations with neurodevelopment (24 months: n = 484; 54 months: n = 444) were examined using adjusted multivariable linear regression.

Associations between sleep trajectories up to 54 months and cognitive school readiness in 4 year old preschool children.

Purpose: This study explores the association between the duration and variation of infant sleep trajectories and subsequent cognitive school readiness at 48-50 months.

Methods: Participants were 288 multi-ethnic children, within the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Caregiver-reported total, night and day sleep durations were obtained at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and 54 months using the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire.

Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study.

Background: The timing of introduction of complementary foods and the duration of breastfeeding (BF) have been independently associated with child overweight and obesity; however, their combined influence on body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk is unclear.

Objective: We investigated the associations of the timing of introduction of complementary foods, the duration of BF, and their interaction with child adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers.

Methods: We analyzed data from 839 children in the prospective Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort.

Time-to-conception and clinical pregnancy rate with a myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrient supplement: secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR randomized trial.

Objective: To determine whether a combined myo-inositol, probiotics and micronutrient nutritional supplement impacts time-to-natural-conception and clinical pregnancy rates.

Design: Secondary outcomes of a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Community recruitment.

Modifiable Risk Factor Score and Fecundability in a Preconception Cohort in Singapore.

Importance: Although multiple modifiable risk factors have been identified for reduced fecundability (defined as lower probability of conception within a menstrual cycle), no scoring system has been established to systematically evaluate fecundability among females who are attempting to conceive.

Objective: To examine the association of a risk score based on 6 modifiable factors with fecundability, and to estimate the percentage reduction in incidence of nonconception if all study participants achieved a minimal risk score level.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study obtained data from the S-PRESTO (Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes) prospective cohort study.

Profiles of Successful Aging and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality Risk among the Oldest-Old Chinese in Singapore.

Introduction: Although successful aging (SA) studies have examined objective indicators such as disease and disability, physical and cognitive function, and social and productive engagement, as well as subjective indicators such as self-rated health, function, and well-being, the interplay among these indicators is rarely studied. We studied SA profiles that captured this interplay and evaluated the association of these profiles with mortality in the oldest-old.

Methods: Respondents were 1,000 Chinese Singaporeans aged ≥85 years during interview visits from 2017 to 2018.

Mid-pregnancy and postpartum maternal mental health and infant sleep in the first year of life.

Perinatal depression and anxiety are common and associated with sleep problems in the offspring. Depression and anxiety are commonly comorbid, yet often studied independently. Our study used an integrative measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms to examine the associations of maternal mental health (mid-pregnancy and postnatal) with infant sleep during the first year of life.