Proteomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor from Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients on Drug Treatment Revealed Altered Complement Activation Cascade.

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and its underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Proteomic characterization of the protein composition of aqueous humor (AH) may identify prognostic candidate proteins involved in pathogenesis and progression of the disease. To delineate the possible mechanisms that lead to POAG, this study adopted state-of-art mass spectrometric technique and analyzed AH of POAG and their respective controls.

Myocardial Injury Is Distinguished from Stable Angina by a Set of Candidate Plasma Biomarkers Identified Using iTRAQ/MRM-Based Approach.

The lack of precise biomarkers that identify patients at risk for myocardial injury and stable angina delays administration of optimal therapy. Hence, the search for noninvasive biomarkers that could accurately stratify patients with impending heart attack, from patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), is urgently needed in the clinic. Herein, we performed comparative quantitative proteomics on whole plasma sampled from patients with stable angina (NMI), acute myocardial infarction (MI), and healthy control subjects (Ctrl).

5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide-Directed Palladium-Catalyzed γ-C(sp(3))-H Acetoxylation and Application to the Synthesis of γ-Mercapto Amino Acids for Native Chemical Ligation.

Palladium-catalyzed acetoxylation of the primary γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds in the amino acids Val, Thr, and Ile was achieved using a newly discovered 5-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide directing group. The γ-acetoxylated α-amino acid derivatives could be easily converted to γ-mercapto amino acids, which are useful for native chemical ligation (NCL). The first application of NCL at isoleucine in the semisynthesis of a Xenopus histone H3 protein was also demonstrated.

Auxiliary-Directed Pd-Catalyzed γ-C(sp(3))-H Bond Activation of α-Aminobutanoic Acid Derivatives.

New bidentate auxiliaries derived from the isoxazole-3-carboxamide and oxazole-4-carboxamide moieties were used for Pd-catalyzed C(sp(3))-H bond activation. The results show that, when placed on a primary amine compound, 5-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide (MICA) directs Pd-catalyzed activation of inert γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds for C-C bond formation. Selective and efficient arylation and alkylation of several α-aminobutanoic acid derivatives led to various γ-substituted non-natural amino acids.

Thermally reversible single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of mononuclear to dinuclear Zn(II) complexes by [2+2] cycloaddition reaction.

Two Zn(II) complexes of trans-4-styrylpyridine ligands undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reaction forming Zn(II) complex dimers in a single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) manner which were thermally reversible. The dimers are presumed to be the stable intermediates in the formation of 1D coordination polymers upon prolonged exposure to UV light.