Study protocol: A national cross-sectional study on psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents in 2023.

Introduction: This study protocol specifies the primary research line and theoretical framework of the 2023 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents' psychological and behavioral surveys through multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional surveys to provide robust data support for developing research in related fields. It will track the public's physical and psychological health more comprehensively and systematically.

EGCG drives gut microbial remodeling-induced epithelial GPR43 activation to lessen Th1 polarization in colitis.

Modulation of immune microenvironment is critical for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) intervention. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as a natural low toxicity product, has shown promise in treating IBD. However, whether and how EGCG regulates the intestinal microenvironment is not fully understood.

Tryptophan metabolism and piglet diarrhea: Where we stand and the challenges ahead.

The intestinal architecture of piglets is vulnerable to disruption during weaning transition and leads to diarrhea, frequently accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disturbances (including amino acid metabolism). Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in orchestrating intestinal immune tolerance through its metabolism via the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or indole pathways, which could be dictated by the gut microbiota either directly or indirectly. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between piglet diarrhea and Trp metabolism.

Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in angiogenesis.

Background: Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer.

Mechanism of Iron Ion Homeostasis in Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Remodeling.

Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as . Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts.

Carbon metabolism in the regulation of macrophage functions.

Carbon metabolism, including one-carbon (1C) metabolism and central carbon metabolism (CCM), provides energy for the cell and generates metabolites with signaling activities. The regulation of macrophage polarization involves complex signals and includes an epigenetic level. Epigenetic modifications through changes in carbon metabolism allow macrophages to respond in a timely manner to their environment and adapt to metabolic demands during macrophage polarization.

The structural properties and resistant digestibility of maize starch-glyceride monostearate complexes.

This study investigated the effects of pullulanase debranching on the structural properties and digestibility of maize starch (MS)-glyceryl monostearate (GMS) complexes. According to our results, the apparent amylose content of MS increased from 36.34 % to 95.

-derived homogeneous polysaccharide exerts anti-tumor efficacy via facilitating M1 macrophage polarization.

modulates tumor progression, but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined. We isolated and purified a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from . (EPPA), which was shown to be an arabinogalactan with a mean molecular mass (Mr) of 3.

GABA regulates IL-1β production in macrophages.

Neurotransmitters have been well documented to determine immune cell fates; however, whether and how γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) shapes the function of innate immune cells is still obscure. Here, we demonstrate that GABA orchestrates macrophage maturation and inflammation. GABA treatment during macrophage maturation inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β production from inflammatory macrophages.

Melatonin shapes bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during enterotoxigenic infection.

Due to the immature gastrointestinal immune system, weaning piglets are highly susceptible to pathogens, e.g., enterotoxigenic (ETEC).

Circadian orchestration of host and gut microbiota in infection.

Circadian rhythms are present in almost every organism and regulate multiple aspects of biological and physiological processes (e.g. metabolism, immune responses, and microbial exposure).

Slc6a13 Deficiency Attenuates Pasteurella multocida Infection-Induced Inflammation via Glycine-Inflammasome Signaling.

We have previously demonstrated that Slc6a13-deficient (Slc6a13-/-; KO) mice are resistant to P. multocida infection, which might be in connection with macrophage-mediated inflammation; however, the specific metabolic mechanism is still enigmatic. Here we reproduce the less sensitive to P.

Resveratrol in Intestinal Health and Disease: Focusing on Intestinal Barrier.

The integrity of intestinal barrier determines intestinal homeostasis, which could be affected by various factors, like physical, chemical, and biological stimuli. Therefore, it is of considerable interest and importance to maintain intestinal barrier function. Fortunately, many plant polyphenols, including resveratrol, could affect the health of intestinal barrier.

Melatonergic signalling instructs transcriptional inhibition of IFNGR2 to lessen interleukin-1β-dependent inflammation.

Background: Immunotransmitters (e.g., neurotransmitters and neuromodulators) could orchestrate diverse immune responses; however, the elaborated mechanism by which melatonergic activation governs inflammation remains less defined.

Melatonin inhibits Gram-negative pathogens by targeting citrate synthase.

Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens represent a growing burden for public health worldwide. Despite the urgent need for new antibiotics that effectively fight against pathogenic bacteria, very few compounds are currently under development or approved in the clinical setting. Repurposing compounds for other uses offers a productive strategy for the development of new antibiotics.

Aspartate Metabolism Facilitates IL-1β Production in Inflammatory Macrophages.

Increasing evidence support that cellular amino acid metabolism shapes the fate of immune cells; however, whether aspartate metabolism dictates macrophage function is still enigmatic. Here, we found that the metabolites in aspartate metabolism are depleted in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-stimulated macrophages. Aspartate promotes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in M1 macrophages.

Effects of on the Intestinal Functions in Weaning Piglets.

Post-weaning diarrhea of piglets is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal pathogen infection. Recent studies have shown that () could help suppress pathogen infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of on various factors related to growth and immunity in weaning piglets.

Bacteriostatic Potential of Melatonin: Therapeutic Standing and Mechanistic Insights.

Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria in animals (e.g., bacterial pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis) and plants (e.

Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization.

Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation.

GABA transporter sustains IL-1β production in macrophages.

Accumulating evidence shows that nervous system governs host immune responses; however, how γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system shapes the function of innate immune cells is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that GABA transporter (GAT2) modulates the macrophage function. GAT2 deficiency lowers the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in proinflammatory macrophages.

Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities.

Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions.

Effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation on amino acid profile, intestinal immunity, and microbiota in ETEC-challenged piglets.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is the most common cause of diarrhea in piglets, and ETEC could increase intestinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacteria to affect intestinal immunity. However, the effect of GABA on ETEC-infected piglets is still unclear. This study aims at investigating the impact of dietary GABA supplementation on the growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology, serum amino acid profile, intestinal immunity, and microbiota  in the ETEC-infected piglet model.

Serine Supports IL-1β Production in Macrophages Through mTOR Signaling.

Intracellular metabolic programs tightly regulate the functions of macrophages, and previous studies have shown that serine mainly shapes the macrophage function via one-carbon metabolism. However, it is unknown whether serine modulates the macrophage function independent of one-carbon metabolism. Here, we find that serine deprivation lowers interleukin (IL)-1β production and inflammasome activation, as well as reprograms the transcriptomic and metabolic profile in M1 macrophages.

Glutamine metabolism in Th17/Treg cell fate: applications in Th17 cell-associated diseases.

Alteration in the Th17/Treg cell balance is implicated in various autoimmune diseases and these disease-associated pathologies. Increasing investigations have shown that glutamine metabolism regulates the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. Here we summarize the mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism regulates Th17/Treg cell fate.