Repeated inhibition of sigma-1 receptor suppresses GABA receptor expression and long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens leading to depressive-like behaviors.

Sigma-1 receptor (σR) downregulation in male mice is known to cause a depressive-like phenotype. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region associated with affective regulation, has high levels of σR. Here, we investigated the effect of repeated inhibition of σR in the NAc on depressive-like behaviors and synaptic plasticity by microinjecting σR antagonist NE-100 into NAc nuclei in mice (NE-100 mice); this was followed by behavioral tests and field potentials recordings.

Digital economy, technological progress, and city export trade.

The development of the digital economy is conducive to the innovative development of foreign trade and the formation of a "dual circulation" development pattern in China. Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper examines the influence of the digital economy on urban export trade and its heterogeneity. And we use a mediating effect model to explore the possible mediating role of technological progress in the above influences.

Transmission dynamics of brucellosis with patch model: Shanxi and Hebei Provinces as cases.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, and it is an important infectious disease all over the world. The prevalence of brucellosis in the Chinese mainland has some spatial characteristics besides the temporal trend in recent years. Due to the large-scale breeding of sheep and the frequent transportation of sheep in various regions, brucellosis spreads wantonly in pastoral areas, and human brucellosis spreads from traditional pastoral areas and semi-pastoral areas in the north to non-pastoral areas with low incidence in the south.

Estradiol Replacement at the Critical Period Protects Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Improve Cognition in APP/PS1 Mice.

It has been suggested that there is a critical window for estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, supporting evidence is lacking. To address this issue, we investigated the effective period for estradiol (E2) treatment using a mouse model of AD. Four-month-old female APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with E2 for 2 months starting at the age of 4 months (early period), 6 months (mid-period), or 8 months (late period).

Exposure of female mice to perfluorooctanoic acid suppresses hypothalamic kisspeptin-reproductive endocrine system through enhanced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 synthesis, leading to ovulation failure and prolonged dioestrus.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in household applications. High-dose exposure to PFOA has been associated with increased risks of infertility and premature ovarian insufficiency in woman. PFOA can alter hepatic gene expression by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα).