Irisin alters D-galactose-induced apoptosis by increasing caveolin-1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts and skeletal muscle fibroblasts.

Muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle fibrosis are significant pathological manifestations of primary sarcopenia. The regulation of C2C12 myoblast and skeletal muscle fibroblast apoptosis is associated with these pathological changes. Previous studies have indicated that irisin, the cleaved form of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), can alleviate primary sarcopenia.

Bidirectional effect of uric acid on C2C12 myotubes and its partial mechanism.

Aim: To explore the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of uric acid on skeletal muscle cells.

Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and then exposed to a medium containing uric acid (0 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM, 600 μM, 800 μM, 1000 μM, 1200 μM, 1400 μM). The myotube diameters were observed under light microscopy; the expressions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), autophagy-related proteins (LC3BII/LC3BI, P62), cGAS, and p-Sting/Sting proteins were analyzed using Western blotting or immunoprecipitation; and oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage were evaluated using ROS, mtDNA and JC-1 assays.

Environmental determinants and demographic influences on global urban microbiomes, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity.

Urban microbiome plays crucial roles in human health and are related to various diseases. The MetaSUB Consortium has conducted the most comprehensive global survey of urban microbiomes to date, profiling microbial taxa/functional genes across 60 cities worldwide. However, the influence of environmental/demographic factors on urban microbiome remains to be elucidated.

Irisin ameliorates D-galactose-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Primary sarcopenia is a multicausal skeletal muscle disease associated with muscle strength and mass loss. Skeletal muscle fibrosis is one of the significant pathological manifestations associated with the development of age-related sarcopenia. Irisin, which is cleaved by the extracellular domain of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has previously been reported to exert antifibrotic effects on the heart, liver, and pancreas, but whether it can rescue skeletal muscle fibrosis remains unknown.

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 inhibitor rescues D-galactose-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis.

Aging-related sarcopenia is currently the most common sarcopenia. The main manifestations are skeletal muscle atrophy, replacement of muscle fibers with fat and fibrous tissue. Excessive fibrosis can impair muscle regeneration and function.