Gradient all-nanostructured aerogel fibers for enhanced thermal insulation and mechanical properties.

Lightweight, nanoporous aerogel fibers are crucial for personal thermal management and specialized heat protection. However, wet-spinning methods, exemplified by aramid aerogels, inevitably form a dense outer layer, significantly reducing the volume fraction of efficient thermal barrier nanovoids and limiting the development of ultimate thermal resistance in fibers. Herein, we develop a microfluidic spinning method to prepare gradient all-nanostructure aramid aerogel fibers (GAFs).

Ultralow trap density FAPbBr perovskite films for efficient light-emitting diodes and amplified spontaneous emission.

Solution-processed metal halide perovskites are widely studied for their potential in high-efficiency light-emitting diodes, yet they are facing several challenges like insufficient brightness, short operational lifetimes, and reduced power conversion efficiency under practical operation conditions. Here, we develop an interfacial amidation reaction on sacrificial ZnO substrates to produce perovskite films with low trap density (1.2 × 10cm), and implement a device structure featuring a mono-molecular hole-injection layer and an all-inorganic bi-layered electron-injection layer.

Broadband microwave-rate dark pulse microcombs in dissipation-engineered LiNbO microresonators.

Kerr microcombs generated in optical microresonators provide broadband light sources bridging optical and microwave signals. Their translation to thin-film lithium niobate unlocks second-order nonlinear optical interfaces such as electro-optic modulation and frequency doubling for completing comb functionalities. However, the strong Raman response of LiNbO has complicated the formation of Kerr microcombs.

Paper battery powered iontophoresis microneedles patch for hypertrophic scar treatment.

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a plaque fibrous and indurated dermal lesion that may cause physical, psychological, and cosmetic challenges for patients. Intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is commonly used in clinical practice, which cause unbearable pain and uneven drug delivery within HS tissue. Herein, we developed a paper battery powered iontophoresis-driven microneedles patch (PBIMNP) for self-management of HS.

Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Rearrangement on Benzene Triggered by a Transient Dearomative Claisen Rearrangement.

1,2-Migration on arenes represents a powerful transformation, because of its chemical skeleton and exit vector editing ability. However, the corresponding dearomative mediated 1,2-migration on arene was ignored for decades, despite tremendous effort being devoted to develop the dearomative reaction, which mainly capitalized on breaking the planarity for three-dimensional diversification. Here, we report on the gold-catalyzed 1,2-rearrangement on benzene by the transient dearomatization of high-resonance energy benzene.

A Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor (DyCe-BTC) for Detection of Acetaldehyde with High Sensitivity and Selectivity.

A series of dual-lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs: DyCe-BTC) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using dysprosium (Dy) and cerium (Ce) ions as metal sources and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (HBTC) as organic ligand, confirmed by XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra, and then the luminescence property, the application in detecting small organic molecules and structural stability have been discussed. Among the samples, DyCe-BTC exhibited two strongest emission peaks located at 485 nm and 578 nm under the excitation at 295 nm, which are attributed to the excited electronic transitions of Dy from F to H and H. However, DyCe-BTC immersed in the solution of acetaldehyde (AH) demonstrated an obvious luminescence quenching with the calculated quenching constant (K) and the limit of detection (LOD) as 7.

A New Fluorescent Probe based on Carbazole-Benzopyranyl for the Recognition of ONOO and its Application.

In this study, we successfully synthesized a colorimetric and photoluminescent fluorescent probe CBB by introducing benzopyran malononitrile at the 3-position of N-butylcarbazole and pinacol borate structure at the 6-position of N-butylcarbazole. The probe CBB characterized by a substantial Stokes shift (146 nm) demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity to ONOO. The probe CBB can specifically identify ONOO by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes promote skin wound healing through activating FGF2-mediated p38 pathway.

The acute and large area skin healing has been an intractable problem for both clinician and patient. Exosomes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-Exos) have been a novel promising cell-free treatment on skin damage repair. In this study, in vivo skin trauma model of full-layer skin damage on mouse back and in vitro skin-like trauma model of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) scratches were established to investigate the effects of hiPSC-Exos on the acute wound healing, and its potential regulation mechanism would be tried to explore.

Effects of Qigong vs. routine physical exercise in school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Increased understanding of the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) emphasizes the importance of non-pharmaceutical treatments. This study compares the effects of Baduanjin exercise, a Qigong-based body therapy from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with routine physical exercise on school-aged children diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods: In this two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, eligible school-aged children with ADHD were randomly assigned (1:1) to Baduanjin exercise or regular physical exercise using a permuted block randomization procedure.

Computational pharmacology-based molecular mechanism investigation of cinnamaldehyde intervention in nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular ailment caused by various factors and ranks as the second most frequently seen kidney disease. The study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of cinnamaldehyde (CA) intervention in NS by utilizing computational pharmacology. Genes linked to NS were gathered from databases and then were used to construct a PPI network, of which the node importance values (Nim) were calculated utilizing an optimized algorithm.

Concurrent Compensation for Auditory and Visual Processing in Individuals With Single-Sided Deafness.

Objectives: Auditory deprivation results in functional enhancement of the remaining intact visual modality, and the underlying mechanisms include cross-modal recruitment of additional resources from the auditory cortex and compensatory reorganization of the visual network in bilateral deafness. However, how resources are allocated between hearing and vision has not been determined in patients with partial auditory deprivation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional plasticity of the visual and auditory pathways in patients with congenital single-sided deafness (SSD), a typical partial deprivation condition.

Locating Multiple Transition Pathways for Complex Biomolecules.

Locating the low free energy paths (LFEPs) connecting different conformational states is among the major tasks for the simulations of complex biomolecules as the pathways encode the physical essence and, therefore, the underlying mechanism for their functional dynamics. Finding the LFEPs is yet challenging due to the numerous degrees of freedom of the molecules and expensive force calculations. To alleviate this issue, we have previously introduced a Traveling-Salesman-based Automated Path Searching (TAPS) approach that requires minimal input information to locate the LFEP closest to a given initial guess path.

BF-BOIN-ET: A Backfill Bayesian Optimal Interval Design Using Efficacy and Toxicity Outcomes for Dose Optimization.

The primary purpose of a dose-finding trial for novel anticancer agents is to identify an optimal dose (OD), defined as the tolerable dose that has adequate efficacy in unpredictable dose-toxicity and dose-efficacy relationships. The FDA project Optimus reforms the paradigm of dose optimization and recommends that dose-finding trials compare multiple doses to generate these additional data at promising dose levels. The backfill is helpful in settings where the efficacy of a drug does not always increase with the dose level.

Crystalline Arylstibinidene Chalcogenides: Heavier Congeners of Aromatic Nitroso Compounds.

Nitroso compounds, R-N═O, containing N═O double bonds are ubiquitous and widely utilized in organic synthesis. In contrast, heavier congeners of nitroso compounds, namely pnictinidene chalcogenides R-Pn = E (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi; E = O, S, Se, Te), are highly reactive and scarce. They have been stabilized in the coordination sphere of Lewis acid/base or by pronounced contribution from resonance structures, whereas free species with unperturbed pnictogen-chalcogen double bonds remains elusive.

Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition).

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

Novel Organic‒Inorganic Interface Treatment Improves the Properties of a Glass Flake-Reinforced Composite Resin.

Objectives: The effects of different interface treatments on the interfacial bonding of inorganic fillers in composite resins and the overall performance of the composite resins were investigated.

Methods: Synthetic mussel derivatives (N-3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl methacrylamide, DMA) were used as primers to treat the inorganic filler bonding interfaces, and the effects of different concentrations of DMA on the shear strength of the bonding interface were tested. Silica nanoparticles were coated on the surface of the filler via the sol-gel growing, and the mechanical properties and aging resistance of the composite resin were tested.

Reshaped local microbiology metabolism by raw tea according to pile fermentation in the dark tea.

Introduction: Traditionally, the mechanism of dark tea quality formation has centered on microorganisms, with quality regulated by manipulating microorganisms and their fermentation environment. Nevertheless, raw teas, the natural selective medium of microbial community, was completely ignored in the formation of dark tea unique flavors.

Objectives: This study aims to uncover the previously unappreciated interactions between raw tea and microorganisms, demonstrating the significant role of raw tea in the formation of dark tea quality.

The impact of natural organic matter on the aggregation, dissolution and sedimentation of cadmium telluride quantum dots and their interacting mechanism.

This study investigated how natural organic matter (NOM) affected the aggregation, dissolution and sedimentation of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) in artificial freshwater and seawater, with a focus on the impact of NOM species and the mechanism of CdTe QDs-NOM interactions. Results found that NOM dispersed CdTe QDs aggregates by providing electrosteric stabilization and promoted the dissolution by facilitating their contact in most cases. Among the tested NOM, fulvic acid (FA) was the most effective for releasing Cd in freshwater due to the strongest binding affinity complexing with CdTe QDs.

Sodium aescinate induces hepatotoxicity through apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2/CTH pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The seed of Aesculus wilsonii Rehd., also known as Suoluozi in China, is a traditional Chinese herb included in the Pharmacopoeia of China (2020). Sodium aescinate (SA) is derived from the Aesculus wilsonii Rehd.

AC074117.1/miR-193a-3p axis regulates the malignant progression of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma via the m6A-related gene ALKBH5.

Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with an annually increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. lncRNAs and microRNAs regulate the progression of UCEC through ceRNA networks. Additionally, m6A modification plays various roles in UCEC, and abnormal regulation of it can directly affect tumor progression.

Nickel-supported cellulose-based porous composite for catalytic hydrogenation of oleic acid.

Based on the amino-functionalized corn straw cellulose-based porous material, a structurally stable and high-performance straw-based metal catalyst (PPCS@Ni) was prepared by depositing metal particles on the surface of porous straw (PCS) using an economical and environmentally friendly polymer-assisted metal deposition (PAMD) method. Due to the excellent structural stability of the metal material and the catalytic performance of nickel, PPCS@Ni exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency, cyclic regeneration ability, and stability in the catalytic hydrogenation of oleic acid. Furthermore, after experimental screening and optimization (8 g oleic acid, 34.

Cloning of Toll3 and Toll4 and association analysis among their SNP haplotypes and disease resistance in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

With the expansion of the culture scale of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), the high incidence of diseases has seriously threatened the development of its industry. In this study, PcToll3 and PcToll4 were respectively cloned and explored SNPs among the germplasm populations, which had been identified relating to disease resistance in crayfish based on our previous study. A total of 3036 bp and 2820 bp of the open reading frame of PcToll3 and PcToll4 encoded 1011 and 939 amino acids, respectively.