Understanding the Dynamic Evolution of Active Sites among Single Atoms, Clusters, and Nanoparticles.

Catalysis remains a cornerstone of chemical research, with the active sites of catalysts being crucial for their functionality. Identifying active sites, particularly during the reaction process, is crucial for elucidating the relationship between a catalyst's structure and its catalytic property. However, the dynamic evolution of active sites within heterogeneous metal catalysts presents a substantial challenge for accurately pinpointing the real active sites.

[Compatible-solute-supported periplasmic expression of recombinant immunotoxins and the effects of glucose thereby].

Bacteria protect themselves against high external osmolality by uptake or synthesis of a limited number of so-called compatible solutes. Under such extreme conditions, combine factors can facilitate the foreign recombinant protein expression. In our experiment, we added additional NaCl and two compatible solutes (glycine betaine and sorbitol) into the medium.