[Effects on Physico-chemical Parameters of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 6 Genes During Composting of Agricultural Waste].

Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to study the changes of glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6 family) genes during the composting of agricultural waste. In addition, a redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation test were applied to determine the relationship between the changes to the GH6 family genes and physico-chemical parameters. According to the relative magnitudes of the influence caused by these different parameters on the changes to GH6 family genes, the eight-ranked physico-chemical parameters were pH > pile temperature > total nitrogen (TN) > total organic matter (TOM) > C/N ratio > moisture content > ambient temperature > water soluble carbon (WSC).

[Removal of Cd from Soil by in a Semi-solid Culture].

A method was proposed to remove Cd from contaminated soils by a semi-solid culture containing that have a strong resistance to Cd. The removal efficiencies of Cd in different simulated Cd pollution levels were studied and the changes in Cd adsorption and the enrichment in were measured. The results showed that could remove some Cd from the soil in the semi-solid culture system.

[Effects of physico-chemical parameters on the abundance of the denitrification-associated genes nirK, nirS and nosZ during agricultural waste composting].

The abundance variation of the functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ) involved in denitrification was investigated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) at different locations (top, center and bottom) of the compost pile during the agricultural waste composting. The changes in pile temperature, pH, moisture content, soluble NH4(+) -N, NO3(-) -N and water soluble carbon (WSC) were measured. The results showed that the abundance of those genes varied among the samples collected in different zones.

[Research progress on plate mixed culture of lignocellulolytic microorganisms].

Mixed culture of microorganisms has been widely used for the research of lignocellulose transformation and degradation, but the results of the mixed culture are largely affected by the interactions of different lignocellulolytic microorganisms. At present, the researches on these interactions are mainly based on plate mixed culture assay. For this assay, two types of plate were used, namely, basic medium plate and improved medium plate.

[Succession of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community structure during agricultural waste composting].

The dynamic succession of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community during the agricultural waste composting was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The changes of pile temperature, pH, moisture content, soluble NH4(+) -N and NO3(-)-N were measured. DGGE results showed that the Shannon-Weaver index changed from 2.

[Research and application of producing laccase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid-state fermentation system].

The potential of banana skin and corn cob as a support-substrate for the production of extracellular laccase by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKMF-1767) was investigated. The results indicate that laccase showed a maximum activity of 12.68 U/g when the proportion of banana skin and corn cob is 1:2 and the inducer is 0.

[Microbial community changes during the degradation of straw using phospholipid fatty acid analysis].

Solid-state fermentation system of rice straw was established with the inoculation of soil microorganism and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Microbial biomass and community structure were investigated using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technique, and the changes of lignocellulose's degradation rate were also detected during the process. The experimental results show that lignocellulose degradation rate reaches 44% after fermentation.

A hydroquinone biosensor using modified core-shell magnetic nanoparticles supported on carbon paste electrode.

A hydroquinone biosensor was developed and used to determine hydroquinone concentration in compost extracts based on the immobilization of laccase on the surface of modified magnetic core-shell (Fe(3)O(4)-SiO2) nanoparticles. Laccase was covalently immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles by glutaraldehyde, which was modified with amino groups on its surface. The obtained magnetic bio-nanoparticles were attached to the surface of carbon paste electrode with the aid of a permanent magnet to determine hydroquinone.

[Application of white-rot fungi in composting lead-contaminated waste].

Simulative lead polluted wastes which containing unpolluted soil, household waste, straw, bran and lead nitrate were prepared. Inoculation of white-rot fungi and uninoculation in composting of lead-contaminated waste were studied. Change of chemical factor, biological parameter and biological toxicity analyses with time during the composting process were determined to study effect of heavy metal on composting process and probability of application of white-rot fungi in composting of metal-contaminated waste.

Composting of lead-contaminated solid waste with inocula of white-rot fungus.

The treatment of the simulated lead-contaminated solid waste by composting with white-rot fungus was studied at laboratory scale. The composting system without the inocula of white-rot fungus was prepared as control, and the composting of the uncontaminated solid waste with the inocula of white-rot fungus was carried out as the other control. The results indicated that the solid waste inoculated with white-rot fungus could be successfully processed.

A novel biosorbent: characterization of the spent mushroom compost and its application for removal of heavy metals.

The spent mushroom compost of Lentinus edodes was used as a biosorbent for adsorbing cadmium, lead and chromium from solutions under batch conditions for the first time. Titration of the biomass revealed that it contained at least three types of functional groups. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry showed that the carboxyl, phosphoryl, phenolic groups were the main groups.

[Lignin degradation by Penicillium simplicissimum].

A strain of fungi was isolated from soil, which was identified as Penicillium simplicissimum. This strain was capable of utilizing several lignin model compounds, making aromatic dyes decoloration and degrading natural lignin. All these results proved that Penicillium simplicissimum has ligninolytic ability.