Proteasomal inhibitors induce myeloma cell pyroptosis via the BAX/GSDME pathway.

Proteasomes are overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and proteasomal inhibitors (PIs) have been widely used for the treatment of MM. PIs are reported to induce MM cell apoptosis but impair necroptosis. In the present study, we found that PIs MG132 and bortezomib induce MM cell pyroptosis, a novel type of cell death, in a GSDME-dependent manner.

Risk-adapted stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with cervical spinal metastases.

Owing to the complex anatomical structure and biomechanics, the current standard palliative treatments for cervical spinal metastases are associated with a high risk of recurrence and complications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can provide radical dose to tumors while protecting normal organs to the maximum extent. However, the efficacy and safety of SBRT for cervical spinal metastases is not well characterized.

Early postoperative radiotherapy is associated with improved outcomes over late postoperative radiotherapy in the management of completely resected (R0) Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal timing of PORT in the management of completely resected (R0) Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2015, patients with known histologies of pathologic Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC who underwent R0 resection and received PORT concurrent with or prior to two sequential cycles of chemotherapy ("early PORT") or with PORT administered after two cycles of chemotherapy ("late PORT") at multiple hospitals. The primary endpoint was OS; secondary end points included pattern of the first failure, LRRFS, and DMFS.

Necroptosis as a potential therapeutic target in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate how necroptosisis, i.e. programmed necrosis, is involved in MODS, and to examine whether Nec-1, a specific necroptosis inhibitor, ameliorates multiorgan injury in MODS.

Necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy.

While the mechanisms underlying apoptosis and autophagy have been well characterized over recent decades, another regulated cell death event, necroptosis, remains poorly understood. Elucidating the signaling networks involved in the regulation of necroptosis may allow this form of regulated cell death to be exploited for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and will contribute to the understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms and regulation of necroptosis, the converging and diverging features of necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy, as well as attempts to exploit this newly gained knowledge to provide therapeutics for cancer.

Interleukin-18 and miR-130a in severe sepsis patients with thrombocytopenia.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common laboratory abnormalities encountered in patients with severe sepsis. It has been reported that thrombocytopenia is linked to mortality in patients with severe sepsis. However, the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in sepsis is unknown.

Mesenchymal stem cells generate pericytes to promote tumor recurrence via vasculogenesis after stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is postulated to enhance the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the tumor microenvironment, which promote tumor recurrence. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular mechanisms behind SBRT stimulating MSC migration and differentiation.

Methods: In vitro, mediated factors and migrated MSCs (post-SBRT) were generated.

Correlation between the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and 3 and hepatitis B virus: possible roles in the resistance to interferon treatment.

Background: The suppressor of cytokine signaling family (SOCS) is an important negative regulator in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This study was designed to explore the correlation between SOCS-1, 2 and 3, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and interferon (IFN), and the relationship between SOCS and IFN therapeutic efficacy.

Methods: Four types of mouse models were established.

Meta-analysis: traditional Chinese medicine for improving immune response in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) improves immune response for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (UHCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) by using meta-analysis of data from the literature involving available randomized controlled trials of TCM in combination with TACE compared with that of TACE alone.

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted through the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CBMdisc, and CNKI, without language limitations.

Results: Based on our search criteria, we found 12 trials involving 1,008 patients.

Nucleoside analogue can improve the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus infection-associated acute on chronic liver failure.

Background: The prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is extremely poor.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nucleoside analogue treatment of patients with HBV-associated ACLF.

Methods: We used a retrospective review of eligible patients from April 2006 to December 2008.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in combination with radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus radiotherapy (RT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (UHCC) using meta-analysis of data from the literature involving available randomized controlled trials of TACE in combination with RT compared with that of TACE alone (Therapy I versus II) in treating UHCC.

Material And Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CBMdisc, and CNKI as well as employing manual searches. Meta-analysis was performed on the results of homogeneous studies.

Mixed microencapsulation of rat primary hepatocytes and Sertoli cells improves the metabolic function in a D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of acute liver failure.

Hepatocyte transplantation is an alternative to transplantation of the whole liver. Compared with xenogeneic hepatocytes, primary hepatocytes have some advantages, such as a more powerful function and a smaller frequency of rejection caused by the host. Cell microencapsulation prevents direct access of host cells to the graft but cannot impede transfer of transplant-derived peptides, which can cross the physical barrier.

Traditional Chinese medicine plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with that of TACE alone (therapy I versus therapy II, respectively) in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (UHCC) through a meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials.

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted using the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBMdisk, and CNKI in any language. Meta-analysis was performed on the results of homogeneous studies.

Recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor for liver failure.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rh-HGF) for liver failure (LF) using meta-analysis of data from the literature involving available randomized controlled trials of rh-HGF plus comprehensive therapy (CT) compared with that of CT alone (Therapy I versus II) in treating LF. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBMdisc, and CNKI as well as employing manual searches. Based on our search criteria, we found 21 trials, involving 5902 patients.