Progress in resistance mechanisms and diagnosis of non-first line anti-TB drugs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the three major infectious diseases in China and all over the world. In 2014, for the first time, TB killed more people than HIV did. Non-first line anti-TB drugs are used as main drugs in the treatment of MDR-TB.

[Comparison of P-nitrobenzoic acid and hydroxylamine hydrochloride for the primary screening of mycobacterial species].

Objectives: To examine the screening methods for mycobacteria recommended by the China Anti-tuberculosis Association, in order to increase laboratory diagnostic accuracy for mycobacterial screening.

Methods: Using P-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB 0.5 g/L) as the control group, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA, in 125, 150 and 175 mg/L concentrations) as the study group, laboratory preserved strains of H37Rv M.

[The clinical significance of changes in CD4+ T cell counts by peripheral blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after antitubercular treatment].

Aim: To explore the clinical significance of changes in CD4+ T cell counts by peripheral blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after antitubercular treatment.

Methods: CD4+ T cell counts in the peripheral blood of 62 pulmonary TB patients were counted by flow cytometry from groups auording to the radiologic extent of disease, and compared with those obtained from 30 controls.

Results: (1) The baseline levels of CD4+ T cell counts (439.

[Evaluation of strand displacement amplification in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

Objective: To study the clinical significance and reliability of strand displacement amplification (SDA) in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

Methods: SDA and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were employed to detect samples from 453 cases of tuberculosis, including 332 sputum samples, 78 samples of pleural effusion, and 43 samples of cerebrospinal fluid.

Results: In the 332 sputum samples, 131 were culture-positive, of which 110 samples (88 smear-positive) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 21 samples (20 smear-positive) were nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

[A study on the correlation between HLA-DR genes and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in a population of Han nationality from southern China].

Objective: To analyze the association between HLA-DR genes and pulmonary tuberculosis and to explore susceptible genes associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in a population of Han nationality from southern China.

Methods: Using case-control study, we detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique the 23 alleles of HLA-DR gene sites in 110 tuberculosis cases and 101 controls from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces. Gene frequency (GF) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated and compared.

[The change and the clinical significance of peripheral blood Th1/Th2 cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

Objective: To study the change of peripheral blood CD4+ helper T cells and T helper subtype I and II (Th1/Th2) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to explore their changes during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

Methods: CD4+ T cells from 105 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 25 normal controls were counted by Flow Cytometry. Peripheral blood cells were stimulated in vitro by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (25 ng/ml) and ionomycin (250 ng/ml).