Estimating Leaf Nitrogen Accumulation Considering Vertical Heterogeneity Using Multiangular Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing in Wheat.

The accuracy of leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA) estimation is often compromised by the vertical heterogeneity of crop nitrogen. In this study, an estimation model of LNA considering vertical heterogeneity of wheat was developed based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral data and near-ground hyperspectral data, both collected at different view zenith angles (e.g.

Design optimization of bimetal-modified biochar for enhanced phosphate removal performance in livestock wastewater using machine learning.

Mg-modified biochar shows high adsorption performance under weakly acidic and neutral water conditions. However, its phosphate removal efficiency markedly decreases in naturally alkaline wastewater, such as that released in livestock farming (anaerobic wastewater with a high phosphate concentration). This research employed six machine learning models to predict and optimize the phosphate removal performance of bimetal-modified biochar (i.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel AAK1/HDACs dual inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 entry.

AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) is a crucial regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, involved in various cellular processes, including viral infection. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are essential in regulating gene transcription through the process of histone deacetylation and have become promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer and viral infections. In this study, several AAK1/HDACs dual inhibitors based on our previous reported compounds were designed and synthesized, and the antiviral activity of these dual inhibitors were evaluated.

[Progress and trend of identification of traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical features].

Variety identification is the prerequisite and foundation for ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The safety risks, legal risks, and regulatory trends underline the importance of traditional Chinese medicine varieties. With the industrialization of traditional Chinese medicine and the production of Chinese medicinal materials from wild growing to cultivation and breeding, new varieties of traditional Chinese medicine keep emerging.

miR-199a-5p aggravates renal ischemia-reperfusion and transplant injury by targeting AKAP1 to disrupt mitochondrial dynamics.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process and a major cause of delayed graft function (DGF) after transplantation. MicroRNA (miRNA) has important roles in the pathogenesis of IRI and may represent promising therapeutic targets for mitigating renal IRI. miRNA sequencing was performed to profile microRNA expression in mouse kidneys after cold storage and transplantation (CST).

Design and implementation of a portable snapshot multispectral imaging crop-growth sensor.

The timely and accurate acquisition of crop-growth information is a prerequisite for implementing intelligent crop-growth management, and portable multispectral imaging devices offer reliable tools for monitoring field-scale crop growth. To meet the demand for obtaining crop spectra information over a wide band range and to achieve the real-time interpretation of multiple growth characteristics, we developed a novel portable snapshot multispectral imaging crop-growth sensor (PSMICGS) based on the spectral sensing of crop growth. A wide-band co-optical path imaging system utilizing mosaic filter spectroscopy combined with dichroic mirror beam separation is designed to acquire crop spectra information over a wide band range and enhance the device's portability and integration.

The nasopharyngeal microbiome in South African children with lower respiratory tract infection: a nested case-control study of the Drakenstein Child Health Study.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality globally. LRTI may be caused by viral or bacterial infections, individually or in combination. We investigated associations between LRTI and infant nasopharyngeal (NP) viruses and bacteria in a South African birth cohort.

Dapagliflozin attenuates AKI to CKD transition in diabetes by activating SIRT3/PGC1-α signaling and alleviating aberrant metabolic reprogramming.

Background: Patients with diabetes are prone to acute kidney injury (AKI) with a high mortality rate, poor prognosis, and a higher risk of progression to chronic kidney disease than non-diabetic patients.

Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-treated type 1 and db/db type 2 diabetes model were established, AKI model was induced in mice by ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). Mouse proximal tubular cell cells were subjected to high glucose and hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro.

Grain Protein Content Phenotyping in Rice via Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and a Genome-Wide Association Study.

Efficient and accurate acquisition of the rice grain protein content (GPC) is important for selecting high-quality rice varieties, and remote sensing technology is an attractive potential method for this task. However, the majority of multispectral sensors are poor predictors of GPC due to their broad spectral bands. Hyperspectral technology provides a new analytical technology for bridging the gap between phenomics and genomics.

Spatio-temporal change of winter wheat yield and its quantitative responses to compound frost-dry events - An example of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China from 2001 to 2020.

Extreme climate events such as frost and drought have great influence on wheat growth and yield. Understanding the effects of frost, drought and compound frost-dry events on wheat growth and yield is of great significance for ensuring national food security. In this study, wheat yield prediction model (SCYMvp) was developed by combining crop growth model (CGM), satellite images and meteorological variables.

An ethnobotanical survey on the medicinal and edible plants used by the Daur people in China.

Background: The Daur people are one of the 55 minority ethnic groups in China and have lived in Northern China for 300 years. In traditional Daur medicine, medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are utilised for health benefits and therapeutic purposes; however, related ethnobotanical knowledge is rarely reported, which is disadvantageous for the sustainable development of these MEPs.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 122 informants, six focus group discussions, and a resource survey were conducted in a Daur minority nationality area in Inner Mongolia from 2015 to 2020, and the data statistics were analysed.

Impact of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and FMO3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Sex on the Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole after Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Voriconazole is the first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Its pharmacokinetics exhibit considerable inter- and intra-individual variability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and FMO3 genetic polymorphisms and sex on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in healthy Chinese adults receiving single-dose and multiple-dose voriconazole, to provide a reference for its clinical individualized treatment.

Sustainable Electrochemical Activation of Self-Generated Persulfate for the Degradation of Endocrine Disruptors: Kinetics, Performances, and Mechanisms.

This study presents an electrolysis system utilizing a novel self-circulation process of sulfate (SO) and persulfate (SO) ions based on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathode, which is designed to enable electrochemical remediation of environmental contaminants with reduced use of chemical reagents and minimized residues. The production of SO and hydrogen peroxide (HO) on the BDD anode and ACF cathode, respectively, is identified as the source of active radicals for the contaminant degradation. The initiator, sulfate, is identified by comparing the degradation efficiency in NaSO and NaNO electrolytes.

ILKAP Promotes the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting β-Catenin Degradation and Enhancing the WNT Signaling Pathway.

The incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC-related deaths have remarkably increased over the recent decades. It has been reported that β-catenin activation can be frequently observed in HCC cases. This study identified the integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) as a novel β-catenin-interacting protein.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,4a,5-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazino[4,3-d][1,4]oxazine-based AAK1 inhibitors with anti-viral property against SARS-CoV-2.

Coronavirus entry into host cells hinges on the interaction between the spike glycoprotein of the virus and the cell-surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), initiating the subsequent clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway. AP-2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) holds a pivotal role in this pathway, regulating CME by modulating the phosphorylation of the μ subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2M1). Herein, we report a series of novel AAK1 inhibitors based on previously reported 1,2,4a,5-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[b] [1,4]oxazino[4,3-d] [1,4]oxazine scaffold.

A method for small-sized wheat seedlings detection: from annotation mode to model construction.

The number of seedlings is an important indicator that reflects the size of the wheat population during the seedling stage. Researchers increasingly use deep learning to detect and count wheat seedlings from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. However, due to the small size and diverse postures of wheat seedlings, it can be challenging to estimate their numbers accurately during the seedling stage.

Divergent trajectory of replication and intrinsic pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron post-BA.2/5 subvariants in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Background: Earlier Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.

Hydrogen sulfide regulates arsenic-induced cell death in yeast cells by modulating the antioxidative system.

Arsenic (As) is a metal with potentially toxic effects on different organisms. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays a vital role in mitigating heavy metal toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in plants and animals. However, the role of HS in alleviating arsenic toxicity in yeast cells remains unclear.

Structural biology of voltage-gated calcium channels.

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca) channels mediate Ca influx in response to membrane depolarization, playing critical roles in diverse physiological processes. Dysfunction or aberrant regulation of Ca channels can lead to life-threatening consequences. Ca-targeting drugs have been clinically used to treat cardiovascular and neuronal disorders for several decades.

Comparison of two novel methods for counting wheat ears in the field with terrestrial LiDAR.

Background: The metrics for assessing the yield of crops in the field include the number of ears per unit area, the grain number per ear, and the thousand-grain weight. Typically, the ear number per unit area contributes the most to the yield. However, calculation of the ear number tends to rely on traditional manual counting, which is inefficient, labour intensive, inaccurate, and lacking in objectivity.

Ciprofol is primarily glucuronidated by UGT1A9 and predicted not to cause drug-drug interactions with typical substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19.

Ciprofol is a novel intravenous anesthetic agent. Its major glucuronide metabolite, M4, is found in plasma and urine. However, the specific isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) that metabolize ciprofol to M4 remain unknown.