Time of dissociation between microcirculation, macrocirculation, and lactate levels in a rabbit model of early endotoxemic shock.

Background: The relationship between macrocirculation and microcirculation remains controversial. The loss of coherence between microcirculation and macrocirculation has already been found in late-stage sepsis shock. The objective of this study was to determine the earliest possible time of detecting the loss of coherence between microcirculation and macrocirculation in early-stage endotoxemic shock.

Sources of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) is an important and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen worldwide. This study was conducted to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective active surveillance study of MDRAB in three ICUs at a Chinese Hospital from April to August 2011, to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia.

Effect of serum from patients with severe acute pancreatitis on vascular endothelial permeability.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of serum taken from patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) on vascular endothelial permeability.

Methods: The monolayer permeability of endothelial cells (ECs) was assessed. Morphological changes in ECs, induced by serum from patients with SAP were assessed.

Management of severe sepsis in patients admitted to Asian intensive care units: prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the compliance of Asian intensive care units and hospitals to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign's resuscitation and management bundles. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the impact of compliance on mortality and the organisational characteristics of hospitals that were associated with higher compliance.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

[Change in number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and its significance in septic rats].

Objective: To observe the change in number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) and analyze its significance in septic rat.

Methods: Septic model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was reproduced by cecum ligation and puncture (n=80), and the normal control group (n=16) and sham operation group (n=80) were established. Nine rats in each group were used, and the cEPCs numbers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, by flow cytometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), D-dimer (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA), antithrombase-III ( AT-III , by immunonephelometry), wet/dry (W/D) ratio of liver, kidney and lung were determined at 0, 6, 12, 18 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 days after reproduction of model.

Rapid hemodilution is associated with increased sepsis and mortality among patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: Hemoconcentration may be an important factor that determines the progression of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). In addition, it has been proposed that biomarkers may be useful in predicting subsequent necrosis in SAP. However, it is still uncertain whether hemodilution in a short term can improve outcome.

[Investigation of distribution of bacteria and fungi in severe acute pancreatitis].

Objective: To investigate the spectrum of bacteria and fungi in different sites in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Methods: The prospective study was performed in 205 patients with SAP treated from January 2000 to December 2008. The Infection rate of bacteria and fungi was observed prospectively in pancreatic necrosis and(or) pus form abdomen, body fluids and deep vein catheter in SAP.

[Strategy of treatment with high-volume hemofiltration on severe acute pancreatitis and fulminant acute pancreatitis.].

Objective: To investigate strategy of treatment of hemofiltration on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and fulminant acute pancreatitis (FAP).

Methods: One hundred and thirty patients with SAP and eighty-one patients with FAP treated with hemofiltration (HF) were prospectively observed from March 1997 to December 2008. Indications for HF, variables (time interval for hemofiltration), mode, therapeutic dosage, blood rate, heparin dosage and components of hemofiltration, therapeutic efficacy (time of disapearance of abdominal pain, intra-abdominal pressure and survival rate) and complications (incidence of bleeding and blood infection).

Intravenous colistin sulfate: a rarely used form of polymyxin E for the treatment of severe multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

In recent reports polymyxins have been considered an effective and safe treatment option for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Here we report our clinical experience with the use of intravenous colistin sulfate in critically ill patients hospitalized from January 2006 to October 2008, as a last treatment resort in China, and assess its effectiveness and adverse effects. Fifteen patients who suffered from severe infections caused by MDR or pandrug-resistant (PDR) Gram-negative bacteria (13 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 4 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae), unresponsive to the initial empirical regimens, were treated with colistin sulfate (daily dose of 1.

[Characteristics of hemoglobin changes and its significance in critically ill patients].

Objectives: To investigate characteristics of hemoglobin changes in surgical critically ill patients.

Methods: One hundred and ten consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the surgical ICU of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital were prospectively included in the clinical trial from January 2004 to December 2006. And changes of hemoglobin and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.

Effect of biliary tract external drainage on cytokine expression and histomorphology of intestine, liver, and lung in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of biliary tract external drainage on cytokine expression and pathomorphism of intestine, liver, and lung in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

Design: Randomized, control animal study.

Setting: This study was conducted at The Institution Digestive Surgery Research Laboratory of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

[Protecting effect of mesenteric lymph duct ligation on vital organs of rats with hemorrhagic shock].

Objective: To investigate the protecting effect of mesenteric lymph duct ligation on cytokine expression and pathological changes in intestine, liver and lung in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, hemorrhagic shock and hemorrhagic shock plus mesenteric lymph duct ligation, with 8 rats in each group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in intestine, liver and lung tissue in three groups.

[A study on increased permeability and morphological changes in actin cytoskeleton and tight junction of vascular endothelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha].

Objective: To study the effect of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on permeability of human vascular endothelial cell (EA.hy926) monolayer and its mechanism.

Methods: 5, 10, 20 microg/L TNF-alpha was respectively added to the cultured endothelial cell monolayer for 24 hours, or 10 microg/L TNF-alpha for 6, 12, 24 hours.

Effects of gut barrier dysfunction and NF-kappaB activation on aggravating mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To study the effects of gut-derived endotoxin translocation and NF-kappaB activation on the aggravating mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and of treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on rats with SAP.

Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO), SAP group, SAP + lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group and LPS group. Biochemical parameters and cytokines were examined in the serum.