Tracing volitional recovery in post-stroke akinetic mutism using longitudinal microstructure imaging: Insights from a single case study.

Lesions in the frontal-subcortical circuitry can lead to akinetic mutism (AM) characterized by diminished volition. However, the microstructural changes in the damaged network underlying its recovery remain unknown. Clinical examination and neuropsychological assessment were performed on a patient with post-stroke AM.

Associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ten common cancers: novel insights from Mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue, suspected to elevate the risk for various cancers. This study sought to discern whether COPD serves as a risk marker or a causative factor for prevalent cancers.

Methods: We employed univariable MR (UVMR) analyses to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and the top ten common cancers.

Synergistic Photoenzymatic Catalysis Enables Synthesis of -Tertiary Amino Acids Using Threonine Aldolases.

-Tertiary amino acids are essential components of drugs and agrochemicals, yet traditional syntheses are step-intensive and provide access to a limited range of structures with varying levels of enantioselectivity. Here, we report the α-alkylation of unprotected alanine and glycine by pyridinium salts using pyridoxal (PLP)-dependent threonine aldolases with a Rose Bengal photoredox catalyst. The strategy efficiently prepares various -tertiary amino acids in a single chemical step as a single enantiomer.

Photoredox Catalyzed Radical Fluoroalkylation with Non-Classical Fluorinated Reagents.

The emergence of photocatalysis has greatly advanced radical fluoroalkylation reactions. Central to this advancement is the introduction and refinement of radical reagents, which play a pivotal role in driving these reactions forward. Intriguingly, some of these reagents, previously not recognized for their radical properties, have emerged as key players in this area.

Inflammation and comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The cytokines put on a mask!

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well-known complex multicomponent disease characterized by systemic inflammation that frequently coexists with other conditions. We investigated the relationship between some inflammatory markers and complications in COPD patients to explore the possible roles of inflammation in these comorbidities.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional and case-control methods.

Asymmetric Carbohydroxylation of Alkenes Using Photoenzymatic Catalysis.

Alkene difunctionalizations enable the synthesis of structurally elaborated products from simple and ubiquitous starting materials in a single chemical step. Carbohydroxylations of olefins represent a family of reactivity that furnish structurally complex alcohols. While examples of this type of three-component coupling have been reported, catalytic asymmetric examples remain elusive.

Photobiocatalytic Strategies for Organic Synthesis.

Biocatalysis has revolutionized chemical synthesis, providing sustainable methods for preparing various organic molecules. In enzyme-mediated organic synthesis, most reactions involve molecules operating from their ground states. Over the past 25 years, there has been an increased interest in enzymatic processes that utilize electronically excited states accessed through photoexcitation.

The Role of CD40, CD86, and Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the relevance of CD40, CD86, and GSTO1 with the pathogenesis of COPD.

Methods: Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD were contrasted with the healthy and nonsmoking ones and smoking but without COPD ones. The changes of CD40, CD86, and GSTO1 in the peripheral blood, collected from different groups, were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively.

Study on Tourism Consumer Behavior Characteristics Based on Big Data Analysis.

In terms of scenic marketing, big data research also plays an important role in the precise marketing of scenic spots. This paper has focused on the big data related to scenic spots as the research object, explores the relationship between various subdivision big data and the number of tourists in scenic spots, and investigates the difference and influence of the consumption behavior of the secondary consumption items in the scenic area, to find the potential of the scenic area's business growth and to promote the continuous and stable growth of the scenic area's sales and tourism economy. Using the relevant theories and analysis methods, such as consumer behavior, big data, and tourism consumer behavior, the content mainly focuses on the establishment of the analysis model of the number of tourists in the scenic spot, the data collection, the estimation of the model parameters, the various types of big data, the calculation of the contribution rate of the data to the number of tourists in the scenic spot, and the difference analysis of the secondary consumption items of different types of tourists in the scenic spot.

Effects of SOCS1-overexpressing dendritic cells on Th17- and Treg-related cytokines in COPD mice.

Background: In this study, we established a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model by stimulating mice with cigarette smoke, and observed the effects of dendritic cells (DCs) overexpressing SOCS1 on Th17, Treg and other related cytokines in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues of COPD mice.

Methods: After successfully transfecting DCs with overexpressing SOCS1 (DC-SOCS1), the mice were injected with DC-SOCS1 (1 × 10), DC-SOCS1 (2 × 10) and immature DCs (1 × 10) via tail vein on days 1 and 7 of COPD fumigation modeling. After day 28 of modeling, the peripheral blood, BALF and lung tissue samples were extracted from the mice, and the changes of DCs, Th17 and Treg cells and related cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, HE staining, flow cytometry and ELISA.

Electrochemical Trifluoromethoxylation of (Hetero)aromatics with a Trifluoromethyl Source and Oxygen.

Trifluoromethoxylated aromatics (ArOCF ) are valuable structural motifs in the area of drug discovery due to the enhancement of their desired physicochemical properties upon the introduction of the trifluoromethoxy group (CF O). Although significant progress has been made recently in the introduction of CF O group into aromatics, current methods either require the use of expensive trifluoromethoxylation reagents or require harsh reaction conditions. We present a conceptually new and operationally simple protocol for the direct C-H trifluoromethoxylation of (hetero)aromatics by the combination of the readily available trifluoromethylating reagent and oxygen under electrochemical reaction conditions.

Performance of COPD population screener questionnaire in COPD screening: a validation study and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to validate the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Population Screener (COPD-PS) questionnaire as a screening tool in a cohort of Chinese subjects who underwent a health examination, and to summarise its overall performance through a meta-analysis. We enrolled 997 subjects aged ≥40 years who underwent a health examination, both lung function and COPD-PS data were collected. The screening performance of COPD-PS was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using the area under the curve (AUC) to assess the screening accuracy.

Copper and Zinc Copromoted Bromo(chloro)trifluoromethylation of Alkenes and Alkynes with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride.

The first copper and zinc copromoted trifluoromethylation using trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (TfO) as a trifluoromethylating reagent has been developed. The reaction of alkenes or alkynes with TfO in the presence of CuX (X = Br, Cl), Zn powder, and 2,2'-bipyridine affords bromo(chloro)trifluoromethylated products in good yields. CuX plays a dual role as the catalyst and halide source, whereas 2,2'-bipyridine acts as both the activation reagent and ligand.

Serum Levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase During Stable and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BACKGROUND One of the most important factors in the pathogenesis of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is oxidative stress. GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) has been regarded as a novel marker of oxidative stress over the last few years. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of GGT during stable and acute exacerbations of COPD at a single center.

Clinicopathological and prognostic value of S100A4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous published studies have shown that S100A4 is frequently overexpressed in various human cancers. However, the association between S100A4 expression and prognosis or clinicopathological parameters in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to identify the significance of S100A4 in NSCLC.

Multiple Factor Analysis of Depression and/or Anxiety in Patients with Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: To reveal the risk factors, the symptom distribution characteristics, the clinical values of white blood cell counts (WBC counts), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with depression and/or anxiety.

Methods: The study included prospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, and was executed in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China. Previously diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who admitted to the hospital with AECOPD, patients with depression and/or anxiety, and healthy people were enrolled in the study.

A rare and fatal respiratory disease: bronchial Dieulafoy's disease.

A 66-year-old woman had two severe episodes of massive hemoptysis without any premonitory symptoms, with approximately 400-500 ml blood each time. Bronchoscopic exam revealed a smooth and pulsatile protrusion that was approximately 8-10 mm in diameter found at the beginning of the right middle lobe bronchus in the bronchial lumen. The protrusion arose from the surface with absolutely normal mucosa.

Autophagy and pulmonary disease.

Autophagy is a process of cell self-renewal that is dependent on the degradation of the cytoplasmic proteins or organelles of lysosomes. Many diseases, such as metabolic diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and lung diseases, have been confirmed to be associated with elevated or impaired levels of autophagy. At present, studies have found that autophagy participates in the regulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, lung cancer, and other pulmonary diseases.

A novel mutation Gly222Arg in PROS1 causing protein S deficiency in a patient with pulmonary embolism.

Background: Thrombophilia is becoming a more frequently reported disorder these years. Hereditary protein S deficiency is one of the anticoagulant deficiencies that eventually results in thrombophilia.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male patient was suffering from unexplained thrombosis for the second time with a family history of deep venous thrombosis.

Hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride through Deoxygenative Reduction and Photoredox Radical Processes.

An ongoing challenge in trifluoromethylthiolation reactions is the use of less expensive and easily available trifluoromethylthio sources. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented usage of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf O) as a radical trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. Hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes and alkynes with Tf O in the presence of PMePh and H O under visible-light photoredox catalysis gave the addition products.

Argentination of Fluoroform: Preparation of a Stable AgCF Solution with Diverse Reactivities.

The transformation of a large-volume industrial by-product and stable greenhouse gas fluoroform (HCF ) to useful products has recently received significant attention. Now, a simple and scalable preparation of AgCF by treatment of HCF with t-BuOK and AgOAc is disclosed. The reactivity of the HCF -derived AgCF has been demonstrated by hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes and C-H trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes.

Dendritic cells and Th17/Treg ratio play critical roles in pathogenic process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disorder of respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate changes of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in lung tissues and peripheral blood of COPD patients. For lung tissue analysis, patients were divided into no-smoking and no-COPD (CS-COPD-), smoking and no-COPD (CS + COPD-) and COPD group.