Acarbose might be associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Several epidemiologic studies have revealed a higher risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) relative to the general population. To investigate whether the use of acarbose was associated with higher/lower risk of new-onset cancers.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using a population-based National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.

Risks of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: A TriNetX based cohort study.

Background: The associations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remain unclear. Few large-scale studies have estimated the cumulative incidence of MIS-C and KD after COVID-19 in children.

Methods: Data were obtained from TriNetX.

Prior COVID-19 vaccination and reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases among COVID-19 survivors.

The effects of COVID-19 vaccination on short-term and long-term cerebrovascular risks among COVID-19 survivors remained unknown. We conducted a national multi-center retrospective cohort study with 151 597 vaccinated and 151 597 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients using the TriNetX database, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. Patients baseline characteristics were balanced with propensity score matching (PSM).

Increased Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Patients With Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Despite the known association between microorganisms and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) in IBD is not adequately addressed. We aimed at elucidating the relationship between NTS infection and the risk of IBD.

Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, this retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with NTS infection (exposure group; n = 4651) and those without NTS infection (comparator group; n = 4651) who were propensity score matched (1:1) by demographic data, medications, comorbidities, and index date.

Time-dependent risk of atopic dermatitis following nontyphoidal Salmonella infection.

Background: The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unclear. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection might trigger immune-mediated reactions. We aimed to examine NTS and the risk of subsequent AD.

Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Previous research has explored theories regarding the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its association with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the impact of maternal HPV infection on congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring remains relatively understudied. We conducted a population-based cohort study linking the Taiwan Birth Registry, Taiwan Death Registry, and National Health Insurance Research Database, in which newborns born in Taiwan between 2009 and 2015 were included.

Association of diverticulitis and potential risk of ischemic stroke: population-based matched cohort study in Taiwan.

Background: Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis, diverticulitis could also be a risk factor for stroke. This study tried to establish epidemiological evidence of the relationship between colon diverticulitis and ischemic stroke.

COVID-19 Vaccination Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduced Risk of Subsequent Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Investigation Using U.S. Electronic Health Records.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated a bidirectional correlation between diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, no investigation has comprehensively explored the potential of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination to reduce the risk of new-onset diabetes in infected individuals.

Research Design And Methods: In the first of 2 cohorts, we compared the risk of new-onset diabetes between individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and noninfected individuals (N = 1,562,606) using the TriNetX database to validate findings in prior literature.

Absence of an association between gastrointestinal tract surgery and newly diagnosed psoriasis: A nationwide, population-based, nested, case-control study.

Background: Gastrointestinal tract surgeries could disrupt the microbiome and simultaneously cause trauma, which may result in psoriasis.

Objective: To examine associations between gastrointestinal tract surgeries and newly diagnosed psoriasis.

Methods: This nested case-control study included patients with newly diagnosed psoriasis from 2005 to 2013, retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Recent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination is Associated with a Lower Risk of COVID-19: A US Database Cohort Study.

Objective: To explore the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Specifically, our study aimed to test the hypothesis that HPV vaccination may also induce trained immunity, which would potentially reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and improve clinical outcomes.

Background: Several vaccines have been reported to trigger non-specific immune reactions that could offer protection from heterologous infections.

Risk of new-onset glaucoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.

To explore the relationship of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and subsequent glaucoma incidence. Patients with SLE were defined as those newly diagnosed by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 710.0 in at least 3 outpatient visits or 1 hospitalization during 2000-2012 by using the National Health Insurance Research Database.

Association between parental autoimmune disease and childhood atopic dermatitis varied by sex: a nationwide case-control study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder induced by dysfunction of immune suppression sharing similar pathogenesis to autoimmune diseases. To explore the association between autoimmune diseases and AD in children, we linked the birth data from National Birth Registry with National Health Insurance Research Database. There were 1,174,941 children obtained from 2006 to 2012 birth cohort.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis increases the risk of new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have shown systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had a significantly higher prevalence of thyroid diseases and hypothyroidism than matched controls, and some case reports showed SLE may occur after Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the subsequent risk of SLE in patients with HT.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study done by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, the HT group (exposure group) and the non-HT group (comparator group) were propensity score matched at a ratio of 1:2 by demographic data, comorbidities, medications, and the index date.

Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: There are a growing number of case reports of various autoimmune diseases occurring after COVID-19, yet there is no large-scale population-based evidence to support this potential association. This study provides a closer insight into the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases and reveals discrepancies across sex, age, and race of participants.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the TriNetX U.

Dental caries and risk of newly-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Objective: This study investigated whether patients with history of dental caries are associated with an increased risk of newly-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: A total of 501,461 carious patients and 258,918 controls without carious teeth were enrolled between 1997 and 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on restorative materials including amalgam, composite resins, or both.

Nontyphoidal Infection Associated with Subsequent Risk of Hematological Malignancies: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) and new-onset hematological malignancy. We conducted a 17-year nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study to examine the association between NTS and the risk of hematological malignancies by using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) of Taiwan. Participants were enrolled from 2000 to 2015 and were monitored until 2017.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at great risk of flavor disorders: a 15-year population-based cohort study.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from upper airway remodeling, which has been suggested to alter sensory and motor neuron function due to hypoxia or snore vibration. This study investigated whether OSA was associated with the risk of flavor disorder (FD).

Materials And Methods: Seven thousand and eight hundred sixty-five patients with OSA and 7865 propensity score-matched controls without OSA were enrolled between 1999 and 2013 through a nationwide cohort study.

Epidemiological Study of Parental Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subsequent Risk of ADHD in Their Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with daytime drowsiness, nocturnal hypoxia, could result in systemic inflammation and oxidative damage. We hypothesize that parental OSA, with chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, might contribute to children's neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD.

Method: By linking National Birth Registry with the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan, we identified 2006-2015 birth cohort, which comprised 1,723,873 singleton live births, and conducted a nested case-control study.