The Urological Association of Asia clinical guideline for urinary stone disease.

The Urological Association of Asia, consisting of 25 member associations and one affiliated member since its foundation in 1990, has planned to develop Asian guidelines for all urological fields. The field of stone diseases is the third of its guideline projects. Because of the different climates, and social, economic and ethnic environments, the clinical practice for urinary stone diseases widely varies among the Asian countries.

Induction of apoptosis and autophagy by calcifying nanoparticles in human bladder cancer cells.

Calcifying nanoparticles have been linked to various types of human disease, but how they contribute to disease processes is unclear. Here, we examined whether and how calcifying nanoparticles isolated from patients with kidney stones are cytotoxic to human bladder cancer cells. Calcifying nanoparticles were isolated from midstream urine of patients with renal calcium oxalate stones and examined by electron microscopy.

Patients with nephrolithiasis had lower fetuin-A protein level in urine and renal tissue.

Fetuin-A acts as an inhibitor of systemic and local ectopic calcification and inflammatory response, but the role of fetuin-A in the etiology of urolithiasis is still unclear. We aim to investigate the expression of fetuin-A in the serum, urine and renal tissue of patients with or without nephrolithiasis. 48 patients with nephrolithiasis (group A) and 32 individuals without urolithiasis (group B, control group) were enrolled into our study.

[Changes of AFP and beta-hCG in testicular tumors analyzed by a function method].

Objective: To establish a new function method for the analysis of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-hCG in testicular tumors.

Methods: We reexamined the serum levels of AFP and beta-hCG after radical orchiectomy, and calculated the measured coordinate, with the abscissa representing the number of the half-lives of tumor markers, and the ordinate representing the measured value of tumor markers. Referring to the measured value of tumor markers before surgery as a, the number of half-lives as x, and their theoretical value over a period of x elimination half-lives as y (logarithm to the base 2 of y), we calculated the predicted coordinate according to the formula y = log2(a/2x) ==> x + y = log2a (function 1).

Taurine protected kidney from oxidative injury through mitochondrial-linked pathway in a rat model of nephrolithiasis.

Hyperoxaluria and crystal deposition induce oxidative stress (OS) and renal epithelial cells injury, both mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase are considered as the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taurine is known to have antioxidant activity and shows renoprotective effect. We investigate the effect of taurine treatment on renal protection, and the putative source of ROS, in a rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Effects of apocynin and losartan treatment on renal oxidative stress in a rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Background: Tissue culture studies found that renal epithelial cells suffer oxidative injury on exposure to high levels of oxalate (Ox) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in kidney, has been shown to be involved in this event. The present study aimed to investigate whether this in vitro feature of NADPH oxidase could be confirmed in vivo.

Methods: Animal model of nephrolithiasis was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by administration of 0.

Intestinal perforation after combined liver-kidney transplantation for a case of congenital polycystic disease.

Aim: To highlight the intestinal perforation (IP), an uncommon and catastrophic complication after combined liver-kidney transplantation.

Methods: Combined liver-kidney transplantation (LKTx) with left kidney excision and a cyst fenestration procedure on the right kidney were performed on a case of 46-year-old female with congenital polycystic disease (CPCD).

Results: Two sites of IP were noted 40-50 cm proximal to ileocecal area during emergent laparotomy 10 d postoperatively.