Effects of enrofloxacin and povidone-iodine on immunity, the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Gut microbiota stability is crucial for maintaining fish health. In aquaculture, antibiotics and disinfectants are frequently used to manipulate the host gut microbiota, but the combined effects on asymptomatic fish remain unclear. We investigated the effects of single and combined treatments with antibiotics and disinfectants on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) gut health, immune response, microbiome dynamics and transcriptome profile.

Evaluation of the management of rotator cuff injuries utilising superparamagnetic iron oxide tracking stem cells.

Background: The ultrastructure of the tendon-bone interface (TBI) is inherently complex. After arthroscopic reconstruction, it is often replaced by disorganized scar tissue, which increases the risk of re-tearing.Stem cell therapies offer a promising approach to regenerate the original tissue structure and enhance the healing environment.

Metabolomic analyses of multiple biologic matrices reveal metabolic heterogeneity in diabetic complications.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Patients with T2DM are susceptible to hyperglycemia-related complications that can impair organ function, underscoring the need to explore the metabolic profiles of affected organs.

Methods: In this study, a comprehensive metabolomic analysis was conducted on the serum, kidney, and heart tissues from a rat model of diabetic complications (DC).

Modelling the effects of temperature, pH and osmotic shifts on the autofluorescence of in vitro.

Aims: This study aims to investigate how different wound microenvironmental factors (temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure) influence the autofluorescence of Staphylococcus aureus ( and its underlying molecular mechanisms, specifically focusing on the porphobilinogen synthase gene gene expression.

Methods: We measured the average fluorescence intensity of colonies under varying conditions of pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), temperature (25°C, 31°C, 37°C, 43°C), and osmotic pressure (0.9%, 1.

Biological Augmentation Using Electrospun Constructs with Dual Growth Factor Release for Rotator Cuff Repair.

Surgical reattachment of tendon to bone is the standard therapy for rotator cuff tear (RCT), but its effectiveness is compromised by retear rates of up to 94%, primarily due to challenges in achieving successful tendon-bone enthesis regeneration under natural conditions. Biological augmentation using biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. In this study, a bilayer construct incorporates polydopamine (PDA)-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP12 in separate poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) fiber layers to promote osteoblast and tenocyte growth, respectively, and intermediate fibrocartilage formation, aiming to enhance the regenerative potential of tendon-bone interfaces.

Tanshinone IIA Suppresses the Proliferation of MGC803 Cells by Disrupting Glycolysis Under Anaerobic Conditions.

This study aimed to investigate how Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) affects gastric cancer cell (MGC803) proliferation under anaerobic conditions, which are linked to drug resistance and tumor growth. The proliferation of MGC803 cells under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in response to Tan IIA was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, proteomics analysis was performed following treatment with 50 µmol/L Tan IIA, focusing on alterations in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.

Functionality of bacterial communities in constructed wetlands used for water purification: influence of root components and seasonality.

Introduction: Constructed wetlands have become crucial ecosystems for the purification of industrial and agricultural water. The health of wetland plants and the efficacy of water purification are strongly influenced by root-associated bacteria. However, our understanding of the functions of bacterial communities in the plant different root components (i.

Design of a Board-Level Integrated Multi-Channel Radio Frequency Source for the Transportable Ca Ion Optical Clock.

As one of the most precise timekeeping instruments ever developed, the optical clock will be used as the measuring equipment for the next generation of second definition. The demand for the miniaturization of optical clocks is progressively urgent. In this paper, a multi-channel radio frequency (RF) module with a 20% volume of the commercial module is designed and implemented for the transportable Ca ion optical clock.

Incidence and Influencing Factors of Demoralization Syndrome in Elderly Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of demoralization syndrome (DS) in elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, with a focus on improving their psychological distress levels.

Methods: Convenient sampling was used to select 350 MHD patients aged 60 or older from three tertiary hospitals in China. Data was collected using questionnaires, including the Chinese version of the DS Scale.

Anti-glycaemic effect of the Chinese modified DASH diet combined with 23% low-sodium salt in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial.

Background: Although many previous trials have formalized the blood glucose-lowering effect of the DASH diet, relevant reports in China remain limited. This study aimed to explore the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet combined with 23% low-sodium salt and meal packs in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled single-blinded trial with a semi-open design; 100 participants were randomly assigned to Group A (control), Group B (23% low-sodium salt), and Group C (meal packs) for 8 weeks of dietary intervention.

Factors associated with extended length of stay for paediatric mental health presentations to EDs in South Western Sydney, Australia.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with extended length of stay (LOS) for paediatric mental health (MH)-related presentations to the EDs in South Western Sydney (SWS).

Methods: We analysed electronic medical records (eMRs) of 7444 MH-related ED encounters of children and young people (CYP) aged up to 18 years from all six public hospitals in SWS from January 2016 to April 2022. Extended LOS was defined as encounters of more than 4 h.

How to improve the quality of euglycemic glucose clamp tests in long-acting insulin studies.

Background: The euglycemic clamp test stands as the best method for assessing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of long-acting insulin. However, despite its widespread use, there remains a notable absence of an established gold standard for evaluating the test's quality. Existing recommendations from regulatory agencies lack specific threshold values, particularly concerning long-acting insulin.

Nomogram based on dual-energy computed tomography to predict the response to induction chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two-center study.

Background: Previous studies utilizing dual-energy CT (DECT) for evaluating treatment efficacy in nasopharyngeal cancinoma (NPC) are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether the parameters from DECT can predict the response to induction chemotherapy in NPC patients in two centers.

Methods: This two-center retrospective study included patients diagnosed with NPC who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between March 2019 and November 2023.

Molecular dynamics work on thermal conductivity of SiGe nanotubes.

Context: SiGe nanotubes (SiGeNTs) hold significant promise for applications in nanosolar cells, optoelectronic systems, and interconnects, where thermal conductivity is critical to performance. This study investigates the effects of length, diameter, temperature, and axial strain on the thermal conductivity of armchair and zigzag SiGeNTs through molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that thermal conductivity increases with sample length due to ballistic heat transport and decreases with temperature as phonon scattering intensifies.

Evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants under strict non-pharmaceutical interventions - a population-based study.

Introduction: China implemented a dynamic zero-COVID strategy to curb viral transmission in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This strategy was designed to inhibit mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. This study explores the dynamics of viral evolution under stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) through real-world observations.

PDMS-in-water emulsions stabilized by cellulose/chitin/starch nanoparticles for fabrication of oil adsorbents: A comparison study.

Pickering emulsion template has aroused attention in the fabrication of porous composite materials. In this work, six nanoparticles including cellulose nanofiber/nanocrystal (CNF/CNC), chitin nanofiber/nanocrystals (ChNF/ChNC) and waxy/normal corn nanocrystal (WSNC/CSNC) were comparatively studied for their performance in fabricating porous composites with PDMS via Pickering emulsion templates. Among all, CNF and ChNF exhibited best emulsion stabilizing ability, while ChNF and ChNC at optimized concentrations enabled the formation of high internal phase emulsions with long-term stability of over 300 days.

Revisiting the in-plane and in-channel diffusion of lithium ions in a solid-state electrolyte at room temperature through neural network-assisted molecular dynamics simulations.

Developing superionic conductor (SIC) materials offers a promising pathway to achieving high ionic conductivity in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). The LiGePS (LGPS) family has received significant attention due to its remarkable ionic conductivity among various SIC materials. molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have been extensively used to explore the diffusion behavior of Li ions in LiGePS.

The blind spots on chest computed tomography: what do we miss.

Chest computed tomography (CT) is the most frequently performed imaging examination worldwide. Compared with chest radiography, chest CT greatly improves the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of chest lesions because of the absence of overlapping structures and is the best imaging technique for the observation of chest lesions. However, there are still frequently missed diagnoses during the interpretation process, especially in certain areas or "blind spots", which may possibly be overlooked by radiologists.

Mental health help-seeking behaviours among children and young people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities in a multicultural urban Australian population.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the help-seeking behaviours among children and young people (CYP) from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds for mental health (MH) needs in a multicultural Australian population.

Methods: We analysed the electronic medical records (eMR) of 8135 MH-related emergency department (ED) encounters of CYP aged up to 18 years across six public hospitals in the South Western Sydney Local Health District, Australia, from January 2016 to April 2022. Urgency of MH care was grouped into high priority (triage categories 1 and 2, needing to have treatment within 10 minutes) and low-to-moderate (triage categories 3-5, needing to have treatment within 30-120 minutes) presentations.

Phenol-Quinone Redox Couples of Natural Organic Matter Promote Mercury Methylation in Paddy Soil.

Methylmercury in paddy soils poses threats to food security and thus human health. Redox-active phenolic and quinone moieties of natural organic matter (NOM) mediate electron transfer between microbes and mercury during mercury reduction. However, their role in mercury methylation remains elusive.

Transformation-Invariant Laplacian Metadevices Robust to Environmental Variation.

As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index.

Degradation of myosmine by a novel bacterial strain Sphingopyxis sp. J-6 and its degradation pathways.

This study isolated a myosmine-degrading bacterial strain J-6 from tobacco-growing soil. The identification of this strain revealed it to be a new species within the genus Sphingopyxis. Analysis of the myosmine degradation products by HPLC, preparative HPLC, and UHPLC-MS/MS identified 8 metabolites, among which 3-pyridylacetic acid (3-PAA), 5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuranone-2 (PTHF), and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (HPBA) were three novel metabolites that were not previously found in microbial degradation of tobacco alkaloids.

Epac2-mediated synaptic insertion of Ca-permeable AMPARs in the nucleus accumbens contributes to incubation of cocaine craving.

The accumulation of GluA2-lacking Ca-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is required for the expression of incubation of cocaine craving. The exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) is an intracellular effector of cAMP and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1. Epac2 has been implicated in the trafficking of AMPA receptors at central synapses.

[Best evidence summary of prevention and management of lower limb ischemia in patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Objective: To provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of lower limb ischemia in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) patients during treatment according to search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence on the prevention and management of lower limb ischemia in patients with VA-ECMO.

Methods: Based on the PIPOST framework (population, intervention, professional, outcome, setting, and type of evidence), an evidence-based question was formulated. A systematic search was conducted according to the "6S" evidence pyramid model in both domestic and international databases, as well as professional association websites, for all evidence related to the prevention and management of lower limb ischemia in VA-ECMO patients (aged ≥18 years).