Multicenter, retrospective GUIDANCE001 study comparing transarterial chemoembolization with or without tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors as conversion therapy to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Survival benefit in intermediate or advanced, but not early, stages.

Background And Aims: Various conversion therapy options have become available to patients with unresectable HCC, but which conversion therapy is optimal for which type of patient is controversial. This study compared the efficacy and safety of TACE alone or combined with immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Approach And Results: Data were retrospectively compared for patients with initially unresectable HCC who underwent conversion therapy consisting of TACE alone (n=459) or combined with immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (n=343).

Pilot work of the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project along the Silk Road suggests a complex east-west admixture landscape and biological adaptations.

Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database. We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1,207 individuals from four linguistically diverse groups (1,081 Sinitic, 56 Mongolic, 40 Turkic, and 30 Tibeto-Burman people) living in North China included in the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project (10K_CPGDP) to characterize the genetic architecture and adaptative history of ethnic groups in the Silk Road Region of China. We observed a population split between Northwest Chinese minorities (NWCMs) and Han Chinese since the Upper Paleolithic and later Neolithic genetic differentiation within NWCMs.

Hemorrhage risk after coblation tonsillectomy in Chinese pediatric: a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the incidence of post-coblation tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PCTH) and identify associated risk factors in a pediatric Chinese population.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study, conducted over 17 months, included 8854 pediatric patients who underwent coblation tonsillectomy across 15 research centers in China. Patient data were collected through an Electronic Data Capture (EDC) system.

Multiple ancestral components and complex origins of the Yugur people in Gansu province revealing by 35 Y-STR.

The Yugur people represent one of the ethnic groups residing within the Hexi Corridor, distinguishable by their small population size, linguistic diversity, intricate ancestral components, serving as a quintessential exemplar of the populations inhabiting this corridor. There are still many controversial issues in the academic community regarding the origin, migration, and formation process of the Yugur. In this study, we explored the formation process of the Yugur from the perspective of molecular anthropology, based on the paternal genetic characteristics of the Yugur people.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic sinusitis in children].

Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention.

Causal Effects of Gastroesophageal Reflux on Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Introduction: Observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or chronic rhinitis (CR), but it is not clear whether this association is causal.

Objectives: This study was to investigate the causality between GER and CRS or CR using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Using pooled data from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic loci independently associated with GER, CRS and CR in populations of European and American ancestry were selected as instrumental variables (IVs).

Thermal controlled multi-functional metasurface for freely switching of absorption, reflection, and transmission.

Metasurfaces have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their substantial electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation capabilities. However, most previously documented metasurfaces have been limited to controlling just a single EM wave mode, encompassing transmission, reflection, or absorption. Such limitations have impeded the broader applications of metasurfaces.

Metasurface inverse designed by deep learning for quasi-entire terahertz wave absorption.

Ultra-broadband and efficient terahertz (THz) absorption is of paramount importance for the development of high-performance detectors. These detectors find applications in next-generation wireless communications, military radar systems, security detection, medical imaging, and various other domains. In this study, we present an ultra-wideband THz wave metasurface absorber (UTWMA) featuring a composite surface microstructure and a multilayer absorbing material (graphene).

[Present situation and progress of surgical treatment for laryngeal clefts].

At present, there is no unified gold standard for the treatment of laryngeal clefts. Type Ⅰ laryngeal clefts with mild symptoms can be treated conservatively, such as thick diet feeding and using proton pump inhibitor to control reflux, while Ⅱ-Ⅳ laryngeal clefts mostly requires surgical intervention.There are many different surgical methods for the treatment of laryngeal clefts, including injection laryngoplasty, endoscopic surgical repair of laryngeal clefts and open laryngoplasty through anterior cervical approach.

[Application of peroral endoscopic-assisted laryngeal microsurgery in children with laryngeal neurofibromas].

To investigate the clinical manifestations and the effect of peroral endoscopic-assisted laryngeal microsurgery for children with laryngeal neurofibroma, and to provide clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The clinical data of 4 children with laryngeal tumors admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Laryngeal tumors were removed by peroral endoscopic-assisted laryngeal microsurgery.

[Application of endoscopic surgical repair through bracing laryngoscope in children with type Ⅲ laryngeal clefts].

To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic surgical repair in the treatment of type Ⅲ laryngeal clefts and to explore the feasibility of the treatment for type Ⅲ laryngeal clefts. The clinical data of 6 children with type Ⅲ laryngeal clefts who underwent endoscopic surgical repair in our department from June 2018 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The operation was performed under combined intravenous and general anesthesia,preserving the spontaneous breathing of the children.

Profiling the clinical characteristics and surgical efficacy of laryngomalacia in children.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of laryngomalacia in Chinese children and explore the surgical efficacy and factors influencing severe laryngomalacia.

Methods: Children (0-18 years) diagnosed with laryngomalacia in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled in this study. Clinical data of patients, including general conditions, clinical symptoms, grading and classification, medical comorbidities, surgical efficacy, and the risk factors influencing severe laryngomalacia were retrospectively analyzed.

Effects of air pollution on emergency visits for acute otitis media among children: a case-crossover study in Chongqing, China.

Background: Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated the short-term effects of air pollution on acute otitis media (AOM) in children, but few studies have explored the association between AOM and air pollution in Chinese children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of air pollution on emergency visits for AOM among children through a time-stratified case-crossover design in Chongqing, China.

Methods: The outpatient medical records of children from nine main urban districts who presented with AOM between December 22, 2018 and December 21, 2021 were collected from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.

Cavitation Erosion Prevention Using Laser Shock Peening: Development of a Predictive Evaluation System.

Marine flow-passing components are susceptible to cavitation erosion (CE), and researchers have worked to find ways to reduce its effects. Laser Shock Peening (LSP), a material strengthening method, has been widely used in aerospace and other cutting-edge fields. In recent years, LSP has been used in cavitation resistance research.

Recombinant protein EBI3 attenuates Clonorchis sinensis-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation in mice.

Background: Chronic infection with Clonorchis sinensis can cause hepatobiliary fibrosis and even lead to hepatobiliary carcinoma. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 protein (EBI3) is a subunit of interleukin 35, which can regulate inflammatory response and the occurrence of fibrotic diseases. Previous studies have reported that the expression of EBI3 in the serum of patients with liver cirrhosis is reduced.

Forensic Characterization and Genetic Portrait of the Gannan Tibetan Ethnic Group via 165 AI-SNP Loci.

Background: The Tibetan group is one of the oldest Sino-Tibetan ethnic groups. The origin, migration as well as the genetic background of Tibetans have become the research hotspots in the field of forensic genetics. The use of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) allows the investigation of the genetic background of the Gannan Tibetan group.

Analysis of Multimorbidity of Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Real-World Study.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) in children is associated with various comorbidities, posing challenges for treatment and management. There have been few investigations of these multimorbidities in Chinese children with AR. Here, we investigated the prevalence of multimorbidities in children with moderate to severe AR and analyzed the influencing factors using real-world data.

An electrical/thermal dual-controlled quad-functional terahertz metasurface absorber.

Although the design of graphene-based tunable broadband terahertz (THz) absorbers has attracted much attention, improving the functionality of the absorbers to adapt to different scenarios is still worth studying. This paper presents an innovative design of a quad-functional metasurface absorber (QMA) in the THz region, which can switch the absorption frequency/band by means of dual voltage/thermal manipulation. By electrically manipulating the chemical potential of graphene, the QMA can switch freely between the narrowband absorption mode ("NAM") and the broadband absorption mode ("BAM"), while thermally manipulating the phase transition of VO allows switching between the low-frequency absorption mode ("LAM") and the high-frequency absorption mode ("HAM").

Obstructive sleep apnea affects the psychological and behavioural development of children-a case-control study.

This study aims to investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea on paediatric psychological and behavioural abnormalities. A total of 1086 paediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 728 sample snoring controls were enrolled in the study. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea underwent bilateral tonsillectomy plus adenoidectomy or adenoidectomy alone.

Correlative Factors for Types of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies Encountered in Children.

Objective: To characterize the correlative factors for types of tracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) encountered in children.

Methods: All included patients diagnosed with TFB underwent rigid bronchoscopy as the first surgery in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The data of 1026 patients aged 0-18 years were retrospectively collected between February 2019 and January 2022.

Analysis of clinical features and prognostic correlation factors of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognostic correlation factors of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children (CSSNHL).

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2021, the clinical data of hospitalized children presenting with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, including age, gender, the ear of onset, onset of treatment, concomitant symptoms, the degree of hearing loss, and audiogram curve type, were retrospectively collected and the effective rate of treatment and the factors affecting prognosis were statistically analyzed.

Results: The effective rate of CSSNHL was 29.