Sequential Versus Continuous Feeding and Its Effect on the Gut Microbiota in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Gut microbiota disturbance may worsen critical illnesses and is responsible for the progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In our previous study, there was a trend towards a higher α-diversity of the gut microbiota in sequential feeding (SF) than in continuous feeding (CF) for critically ill patients. We designed this non-blinded, randomized controlled study to confirm these results.

Label-Free Impedance Imaging of Single Extracellular Vesicles Using Interferometric Electrochemical Microscopy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are pivotal in various biological processes and diseases, yet their small size and heterogeneity pose challenges for single EV quantification. We introduce interferometric electrochemical microscopy (iECM), a sensitive label-free technique that combines interferometric scattering and electrochemical impedance imaging. This method enables the quantification of the impedance of single EVs, providing unique insights into their electrochemical properties, and allows for the simultaneous measurement of size and real-time monitoring of antibody binding.

Spatiotemporal variation and GeoDetector analysis of NDVI at the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia over the past 40 years.

The study of spatiotemporal variation and driving forces of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is conducive to regional ecosystem protection and natural resource management. Based on the 1982-2022 GIMMS NDVI data and 26 influencing variables, by using the Theil-Sen median slope analysis, Mann-Kendall (M - K) test method and GeoDetector model, we analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation cover and the driving factors of its spatial differentiation in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia. The NDVI showed a significantly increasing trend during 1982-2022, with a growth rate of 0.

[Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risks of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Surface Water of Hutuo River Basin].

Fluorescent whitening agents （FWAs） are chemical additives that exhibit remarkable whitening effects and have been widely used in the production of detergents, paper, textiles, plastics, and coatings. The production and use of FWAs spans more than 60 years in China； however, the occurrence characteristics of FWAs in environmental water remain unknown. Therefore, a solid phase extraction-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） method for the trace determination of 11 non-ionic FWAs in surface water was developed.

FBXO46 negatively regulates p53 activity by stabilizing Mdm2.

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in suppressing tumor formation. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) serves as the principal ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the Mdm2-p53 pathway are not comprehensively understood.

Patient-Derived Organoids on a Microarray for Drug Resistance Study in Breast Cancer.

Drug resistance is always a challenge in cancer treatment, whether for chemotherapy, targeting, or immunotherapy. Although tumor cell lines are derived from cancer patients, they gradually lost the original characteristics, including heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME), during the long period of culturing. Therefore, it is urgent to use patient-derived tumor models instead of cancer cell lines to study tumor drug resistance.

Caulerpin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity by modulating macrophage-associated granulosa cell senescence during breast cancer chemotherapy.

For fertility preservation, preventing chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in patients with breast cancer is challenging. Our previous study suggested that caulerpin, a marine indole alkaloid, exerts antitumor effects on breast cancer cells. However, the potential effects of caulerpin on ovarian tissues remain unknown.

Tree species-dependent effects of afforestation on soil fungal diversity, functional guilds and co-occurrence networks in northern China.

Afforestation exerts a profound impact on soil fungal communities, with the nature and extent of these changes significantly influenced by the specific tree species selected. While extensive research has addressed the aboveground ecological outcomes of afforestation, the nuanced interactions between tree species and soil fungal dynamics remain underexplored. This study investigated the effects of afforestation with Caragana microphylla (CMI), Populus simonii (PSI), and Pinus sylvestris var.

Rapid Responses of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Communities to Carbon and Nitrogen Addition in Sediments.

Massive labile carbon and nitrogen inputs into lakes change greenhouse gas emissions. However, the rapid driving mechanism from eutrophic and swampy lakes is not fully understood and is usually contradictory. Thus, we launched a short-term and anaerobic incubation experiment to explore the response of greenhouse gas emissions and microbial communities to glucose and nitrate nitrogen (NO-N) inputs.

[Content and Health Risks of Microplastics and Phthalate Esters in Bottled Water].

To study the content and health risks of microplastics （MPs） and phthalate esters （PAEs） in bottled water, a quantitative analysis of MPs was conducted by using Rose Bengal staining and stereomicroscopy. Seven PAEs were quantified by using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. The daily intake of MPs was estimated and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs were evaluated through a health risk assessment model.

Mutation of the SUMOylation site of Aurora-B disrupts spindle formation and chromosome alignment in oocytes.

Aurora-B is a kinase that regulates spindle assembly and kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment during mitosis and meiosis. SUMOylation is involved in the oocyte meiosis regulation through promoting spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, but its substrates to support this function is still unknown. It is reported that Aurora-B is SUMOylated in somatic cells, and SUMOylated Aurora-B contributes the process of mitosis.

Unexplained high and persistent methyl bromide emissions in China.

Methyl bromide (CHBr) is an important ozone-depleting substance whose use is regulated under the Montreal Protocol. Quantifying emissions on the national scale is required to assess compliance with the Montreal Protocol and thereby ensure the timely recovery of the ozone layer. However, the spatial-temporal patterns of China's national CHBr emissions remain unclear.

Neuro-Musculoskeletal Modeling for Online Estimation of Continuous Wrist Movements from Motor Unit Activities.

Decoding movement intentions from motor unit (MU) activities remains an ongoing challenge, which restricts our comprehension of the intricate transition mechanism from microscopic neural drive to macroscopic movements. This study presents an innovative neuro-musculoskeletal (NMS) model driven by MU activities for online estimation of continuous wrist movements. The proposed model employs a physiological and comprehensive utilization of MU firings and waveforms, thus facilitating the localization of MUs to muscle-tendon units (MTU) as well as the computation of MU-specific neural excitation.

A study on the relationship between high-quality development of the logistics industry and rural revitalization across different levels of industrial structure.

Due to regional differences in industrial structure levels, the development of the logistics industry in rural areas faces various challenges and opportunities. The objective is to explore how the high-quality development of the logistics industry influences rural revitalization at various tiers of industrial structure. It employs a benchmark regression model to dissect the influence that the logistics industry's high-quality development exerts on fostering rural revitalization.

Analysis of dissolved organic matter characteristics in pharmaceutical wastewater via spectroscopy combined with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Studying the changes in organic matter and characteristic pollutants during the treatment of penicillin-containing pharmaceutical wastewater, which can be reflected by changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), is crucial for improving the effectiveness of wastewater treatment units and systems. Herein, water quality indicators, spectroscopic methods, and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were utilized to characterize the general molecular compositions and specific molecular changes in DOM during the treatment of typical penicillin-containing pharmaceutical wastewater, including in each of the influent, physicochemical treatment, biological treatment, oxidation treatment, and effluent stages. The influent exhibited a high organic matter content (concentration of dissolved organic carbon >10,000 mg·L), its DOM mainly contained protein- and lignin-like substances composed of CHON and CHONS molecules, and the relative intensity (RI) of penicillin was extremely high (RI = 0.

Effects of migratory birds activities on the stoichiometry of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a -dominated wetland of Poyang Lake.

Studying the stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrients aids in evaluating soil quality and deciphering the coupling of soil nutrients. The influence of migratory bird activities on the dynamics of wetland soil nutrients and their stoichiometric remains unclear. We classified the central, peripheral and adjacent natural grassy areas as severe, mild, and no bird activity (control), respectively, in Donghu meadow, a representative migratory bird habitat in Poyang Lake, based on flock characteristics and initial surveys.

Microchip Based Isolation and Drug Delivery of Patient-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against Their Homologous Tumor.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated significant potential in drug delivery and anti-tumor therapy. Despite this promising strategy, challenges such as specific targeting, EVs purification persist. In this study, a personalized nanodrug delivery platform using patient-derived tumor EVs (PT-EVs) based on a microchip is presented.

Discovery of a potential bladder cancer inhibitor CHNQD-01281 by regulating EGFR and promoting infiltration of cytotoxic T cells.

Unlabelled: As one of the common malignancies that threaten human life, bladder cancer occurs frequently with a high mortality rate in the world, due to its invasion, recurrence and drug resistance. Natural products from marine microorganisms are becoming the hotspots in discovery of new candidate drug entities, especially in the area of cancer. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a natural Arf-GEFs inhibitor, but due to the low aqueous solubility, strong toxicity, and poor bioavailability, it is urgent to conduct structural optimization research.