Compound 7 regulates microglia polarization and attenuates radiation-induced myelopathy via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro studies.

Background: Radiation-induced myelopathy (RM) is a significant complication of radiotherapy with its mechanisms still not fully understood and lacking effective treatments. Compound 7 (C7) is a newly identified, potent, and selective inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction. This study aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of C7 on RM in vitro and in vivo.

Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel VISTA Small Molecule Inhibitors.

VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) is a novel immune checkpoint protein and represents a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of methoxy-pyrimidine-based VISTA small molecule inhibitors with potent antitumor activity. By employing molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay, we identified a lead compound that binds to VISTA protein with high affinity and optimized its structure.

Bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy: Target selection and regulatory requirements.

In recent years, the development of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) has been rapid, with many new structures and target combinations being created. The boom in bsAbs has led to the successive issuance of industry guidance for their development in the US and China. However, there is a high degree of similarity in target selection, which could affect the development of diversity in bsAbs.

Novel Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitor Induces PD-L1 Internalization and Optimizes the Immune Microenvironment.

Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has become an important strategy for tumor therapy, which has shown outstanding therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, unsatisfactory response rates and immune-related adverse effects limit the use of anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies. Here, we report the discovery and identification of , an innovative small-molecule inhibitor of PD-L1.

Novel phthalimides regulating PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as potential immunotherapy agents.

Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) have emerged as one of the most promising immune checkpoint targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the inherent advantages of small-molecule inhibitors over antibodies, the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors has fallen behind that of antibody drugs. Based on docking studies between small molecule inhibitor and PD-L1 protein, changing the chemical linker of inhibitor from a flexible chain to an aromatic ring may improve its binding capacity to PD-L1 protein, which was not reported before.

Gut Bacteria and Its Related Metabolite Ptilosteroid A Could Predict Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury.

It is difficult to study the intestinal damage induced by space radiation to astronauts directly, and few prediction models exist. However, we can simulate it in patients with pelvic tumor radiotherapy (RT). Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is common in cancer patients who receieved pelvic and abdominal RT.

Impact of Radiation Dose to Circulating Immune Cells on Tumor Control and Survival in Esophageal Cancer.

The immune system is well known to exert tumor immunosurveillance effects, and that immune cells circulating in the peripheral blood affect tumor prognosis. The study investigated the effect of estimated dose of radiation on circulating immune cells (EDRIC) and tumor control for esophageal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. A total of 146 esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively identified.

Appropriate reduction of the fragmentation level of subfield sequences to improve the accuracy of field delivery in IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: Due to the influence of gravity, inertia and friction, there will be deviation between the position of multileaf collimator (MLC) in the delivered field and the initial intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan. This study explores the effects of the fragmentation level of subfield sequences on this deviation and seeks ways to improve the accuracy of field delivery in IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: 30 patients with NPC were selected, and two groups (groups A and B) of IMRT plans were made in Pinnacle planning system.

A dosimetric study on the use of 3D-printed customized boluses in photon therapy: A hydrogel and silica gel study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the dose differences between two kinds of materials (silica gel and hydrogel) used to prepare boluses based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies and commercial bolus in head phantoms simulating nose, ear, and parotid gland radiotherapy.

Methods And Materials: We used 3D printing technology to make silica gel and hydrogel boluses. To evaluate the clinical feasibility, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were created for head phantoms that were bolus-free or had a commercial bolus, a silica gel bolus, or a hydrogel bolus.

The dosimetric comparison of the radiotherapeutic plans between composite and synchronous planning approaches in sequential IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of present study was to compare the dosimetric differences of the radiotherapeutic plans between synchronous and composite planning approaches in sequential intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Twelve patients with NPC treated by sequential IMRT were enrolled. Two planning approaches were used to design sequential IMRT plan.