Molecularly tailorable metal oxide clusters ensured robust interfacial connection in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Interfacial recombination and ion migration between perovskite and electron-transporting materials have been the persisting challenges in further improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Here, we design a series of molecularly tailorable clusters as an interlayer that can simultaneously enhance the interaction with C and perovskite. These clusters have precisely controlled structures, decent charge carrier mobility, considerable solubility, suitable energy levels, and functional ligands, which can help passivate perovskite surface defects, form a uniform capping net to immobilize C, and build a robust coupling between perovskite and C.

Causal role of immune cells in uveitis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Uveitis refers to a group inflammation affecting the uvea, retina, retinal blood vessels as well as vitreous body, which is one of the common causes of blindness. There is growing evidence linking different types of immune cells to uveitis, although it remains uncertain if these associations imply causal relationships. Recent advancements in high-density genetic markers like SNPs or CNVs for genotyping, along with the progress in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) technologies, have improved our understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in ocular diseases.

Optimizing nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands for low C/N ratio wastewater treatment: Insights from fermentation liquid utilization.

The inefficient nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) can be attributed to insufficient carbon sources for low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater. In this study, sugarcane bagasse fermentation liquid (SBFL) was used as a supplemental carbon source in intermittently aerated CWs to enhance nitrogen removal. The impact of different regulated influent C/N ratios on nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was investigated.

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater treatment: Utilizing sugarcane bagasse fermentation liquid for constructed wetlands.

Sugarcane bagasse was recycled to produce fermentation liquid (FL) as a supplementary carbon source that was added to constructed wetlands (CWs) for regulating influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and then being applied to investigate nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas emissions. Results showed that this FL achieved faster NO-N removal and lower NO fluxes than sucrose did, and the lowest NO flux (67.6 μg mh) was achieved when FL was added to CWs in a C/N of 3.

Selenium substitution for dielectric constant improvement and hole-transfer acceleration in non-fullerene organic solar cells.

Dielectric constant of non-fullerene acceptors plays a critical role in organic solar cells in terms of exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Current acceptors feature a dielectric constant of 3-4, correlating to relatively high recombination loss. We demonstrate that selenium substitution on acceptor central core can effectively modify molecule dielectric constant.

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Homogeneous Transmission and Colorful Reflection Enabled by an ITO-Free Microcavity Architecture.

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs), owing to the merits of high power generation, thermal insulation, and aesthetic features, have become a promising candidate for intellectual building- integrated photovoltaic windows. However, the traditional optical evaluation only focuses on the transmission properties and ignores the reflection behaviors. And the lack of quantitative descriptions for array appearance hinders implementation of ST-OPV based large-area modules.

A Binary Solution Strategy Enables High-Efficiency Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Thermal Stability.

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are highly promising light-harvesting materials for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to the excellent materials stability. However, the coexistence of multiple -value species in 2D perovskites often causes increased complexities in crystallization that can negatively affect the eventual photovoltaic performance. Herein, we present a binary solution based strategy via introducing nontoxic and widely accessible CHCOOH (HAc) as a co-solvent for preparing high-quality 2D perovskite films.

Lifetime over 10000 hours for organic solar cells with Ir/IrO electron-transporting layer.

The stability of organic solar cells is a key issue to promote practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that the device performance of organic solar cells is enhanced by an Ir/IrO electron-transporting layer, benefiting from its suitable work function and heterogeneous distribution of surface energy in nanoscale. Notably, the champion Ir/IrO-based devices exhibit superior stabilities under shelf storing (T = 56696 h), thermal aging (T = 13920 h), and maximum power point tracking (T = 1058 h), compared to the ZnO-based devices.

Sulfonium-Cations-Assisted Intermediate Engineering for Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells.

Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites with superior stability are admirable candidates for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization. However, the device performance remains unsatisfactory due to the disordered crystallization of perovskites. In this work, the effects of sulfonium cations on the evolution of intermediates and photovoltaic properties of 2D RP perovskites are investigated.

Solvent Effect on Film Formation and Trap States of Two-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson Perovskite.

Two dimensional Dion-Jacobson (2D DJ) perovskite has emerged as a potential photovoltaic material because of its unique optoelectronic characteristics. However, due to its low structural flexibility and high formation energy, extra assistance is needed during crystallization. Herein, we study the solvent effect on film formation and trap states of 2D DJ perovskite.

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells.

Although the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached the commercial standards, the unsatisfactory stability limits their further application. Hydrophobic interface and encapsulation can block the damage of water and oxygen, while the instability induced by intrinsic residual strain remains inevitable. Here, the residual strain in a two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite film is investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy.

N(6)-methyladenosine-mediated miR-380-3p maturation and upregulation promotes cancer aggressiveness in pancreatic cancer.

N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified microRNAs (miRNAs) are relevant to cancer progression. Also, although the involvement of miR-380-3p in regulating cancer progression in bladder cancer and neuroblastoma has been preliminarily explored, its role in other types of cancer, such as pancreatic cancer (PC), has not been studied. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of miR-380-3p in regulating PC progression.

Peculiar Steric Hindrance Assists Monoclinic Phase Formation toward High-Quality All-Inorganic Perovskites.

Bromine-containing metal halide all-inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr exhibits excellent photoelectric performance and supreme thermal and structural stabilities; it is thus attractive for use as photoabsorbing layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, when steric hindrance molecules are introduced, the complicated phase transition mechanism and the difficult-to-control crystallization process in CsPbIBr are not well understood. Here, we introduce a class of sterically hindered cesium naphthenate small molecules to control the crystallization process of CsPbIBr films.

Strongly Reduced Non-Radiative Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells Prepared with Sequential Film Deposition.

With nearly 100% yields for mobile charge carriers in organic solar cells (OSCs), the relatively large photovoltage loss (Δ) is a critical barrier limiting the power conversion efficiency of OSCs. Herein, we aim to improve the open-circuit voltage () in OSCs with non-fullerene acceptors via sequential film deposition (SD). We show that Δ in planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices prepared by the SD method can be appreciably mitigated, leading increases in to 80 mV with regard to the of bulk heterojunction devices.

Aspirin use and pancreatic cancer risk: A systematic review of observational studies.

Objectives: Although there is evidence that aspirin might be able to prevent pancreatic cancer, the findings have been inconsistent. In this paper, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to examine the relationship between aspirin use and the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: We identified potential studies by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Wangfang (Chinese database) database (from 1967 to March 2017) and by reviewing the bibliography of relevant publications.

Downregulation of miR-21 inhibits the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting VHL.

Background: MicroRNA (miR)-21 is overexpressed in numerous types of malignancy and participates in the development of cancer. However, the basic mechanism of the influence of miR-21 on the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer remains unclear.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-21 in pancreatic cancer development and explore its molecular mechanism.

A new physical-cognitive scale for assessment of frailty in Chinese Han elderly.

To develop a physical- cognitive scale for assessment of frailty and compare the clinical features between the new scale and the conventional Fried criteria. 1757 individuals aged 70-84 were analyzed. Participants reporting three or more Fried phenotypes were grouped as frail patients (FP) whereas others as non-frail (NF).

Interfacial Modification in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells.

Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (OSCs) and hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two promising photovoltaic techniques for next-generation energy conversion devices. The rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OSCs and PSCs has profited from synergetic progresses in rational material synthesis for photoactive layers, device processing, and interface engineering. Interface properties in these two types of devices play a critical role in dictating the processes of charge extraction, surface trap passivation, and interfacial recombination.