Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Neutral and Acidic Polysaccharides from C. A. Meyer.

() is the most widely consumed herbal plant in Asia and is well-known for its various pharmacological properties. Many studies have been devoted to this natural product. However, polysaccharide's components of ginseng and their biological effects have not been widely studied.

cGMP Signalling Mediates Water Sensation (Hydrosensation) and Hydrotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Animals have developed the ability to sense the water content in their habitats, including hygrosensation (sensing humidity in the air) and hydrosensation (sensing the water content in other microenvironments), and they display preferences for specific water contents that influence their mating, reproduction and geographic distribution. We developed and employed four quantitative behavioural test paradigms to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sensing the water content in an agar substrate (hydrosensation) and hydrotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans. By combining a reverse genetic screen with genetic manipulation, optogenetic neuronal manipulation and in vivo Ca(2+) imaging, we demonstrate that adult worms avoid the wetter areas of agar plates and hypo-osmotic water droplets.

Reciprocal inhibition between sensory ASH and ASI neurons modulates nociception and avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Sensory modulation is essential for animal sensations, behaviours and survival. Peripheral modulations of nociceptive sensations and aversive behaviours are poorly understood. Here we identify a biased cross-inhibitory neural circuit between ASH and ASI sensory neurons.

Miniaturized graphene-based pipette tip extraction coupled with liquid chromatography for the determination of sulfonamide residues in bovine milk.

A miniaturized graphene-based pipette tip extraction (M-G-PTE) method coupled with liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection was developed for rapid screening of sulfadimidine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfachloropyrazine residues in bovine milk. Because of the large surface area and unique chemical structure of graphene, an M-G-PTE device packed with 3.0mg graphene could handle 2.

A self-assembly pipette tip graphene solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography for the determination of three sulfonamides in environmental water.

A sensitive, economical, and miniaturized self-assembly pipette tip graphene solid-phase extraction (PT-G-SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (LC-FD) was developed for rapid extraction and determination of three sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in environmental water samples. The PT-G-SPE cartridge, assembled by packing 1.0mg of graphene as sorbent into a 100μL pipette tip, showed high adsorption capacity for the SAs owing to the large surface area and unique structure of graphene.

Synthesis of a novel molecularly imprinted organic-inorganic hybrid polymer for the selective isolation and determination of fluoroquinolones in tilapia.

A novel molecularly imprinted organic-inorganic hybrid polymer (MI-MAA/APTS) based on a dummy molecular imprinting technique and an organic-inorganic hybrid material technique was synthesised and used as a sorbent in solid-phase extraction for the selective isolation and determination of ofloxacin (OFL), lomefloxacin (LOM), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in tilapia samples. The MI-MAA/APTS sorbent was prepared from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilanes (APTS) as an inorganic source and methacrylic acid (MAA) as an organic source and exhibited high mechanical strength and special affinities to the analytes. A comparison of MI-MAA/APTS with other conventional sorbents (C18 and HLB) showed that MI-MAA/APTS displayed good selectivity and affinity for OFL, LOM, and CIP, and the recoveries of the analytes at three spiked levels were in the range of 85.