Advances in Powder-Filled Mold Processes: A Comprehensive Review and Outlook.

Powder molding technology is a versatile process widely used in the pharmaceutical, ceramic, chemical, food, and powder metallurgy industries. The powder-filling mold process is a key link in powder compression molding, and the uniformity and consistency of powder filling directly affect the final quality of powder products. Powder filling of molds is a more complex flow process.

Iron-Based Superconductors for High-Field Applications: Realization of High Engineering Critical Current Density.

Iron-based superconductors have strong potential for magnet applications through their very high upper critical field, low anisotropy and manufacturability through the powder-in-tube (PIT) route. The engineering critical current density () is a key parameter for measuring the maximum current density that superconducting materials can withstand in practical applications. It serves as a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications of superconductors and has great significance in promoting the development and application of superconducting technology.

Towards high-field applications: high-performance, low-cost iron-based superconductors.

High magnetic fields play a crucial role in advancing basic sciences, fusion energy, and magnetic resonance imaging systems. However, the widespread use of high-field magnets requires affordable high-temperature superconducting wires that can carry large supercurrents. Iron-based superconductors offer an economically attractive solution to push forward important yet costly scientific programs, such as nuclear fusion reactors and next-generation particle accelerators.

Self-Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors.

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have attracted considerable interest because of their excellent power and energy densities. However, the development of LICs is limited by the low capacity of the cathode and the kinetics mismatch between the cathode and anode. In this work, mesoporous carbon materials (MCs) with uniform pore sizes were prepared using magnesium citrate as the raw material through a self-templating method.

In Situ Construction of Bimetallic Selenides Heterogeneous Interface on Oxidation-Stable TiCT MXene Toward Lithium Storage with Ultrafast Charge Transfer Kinetics.

TiCT (MXene) is widely acknowledged as an excellent substrate for constructing heterogeneous structures with transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) for boosting the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion storage. However, conventional synthesis strategies inevitably lead to poor electrochemical charge transfer due to TiCT-derived TiO at the heterogeneous interface between TiCT and TMCs. Here, an innovative in situ selenization strategy is proposed to replace the originally generated TiO on TiCT with metallic TiSe interphase, clearing the bottleneck of slow charge transfer barrier caused by MXene oxidation.

Properties and Applications of Iron-Chalcogenide Superconductors.

Iron-chalcogenide superconductors continue to captivate researchers due to their diverse crystalline structures and intriguing superconducting properties, positioning them as both a valuable platform for theoretical investigations and promising candidates for practical applications. This review begins with a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques employed for various iron-chalcogenide superconductors, accompanied by a summary of their phase diagrams. Subsequently, it delves into the upper critical field, anisotropy, and critical current density.

Recent advances in MXene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitors.

MXene materials have become a competitive candidate for electrochemical energy storage due to their unique two-dimensional layered structure, high density, metal-like conductivity, fast ion intercalation, tunable surface terminal groups, and good mechanical flexibilities, showing unique application advantages in the field of supercapacitors. With widely research of MXene in energy storage applications, plenty of studies in synthesis strategies of MXene, including etching, intercalation and exfoliation processes, and its charge storage mechanism in supercapacitors have been conducted. However, the restacking of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets severely affects their electrochemical performance.

Critical Role Played by Interface Engineering in Weakening Thickness Dependence of Superconducting and Structural Properties of FeSeTe-Coated Conductors.

Increasing the thickness of a superconducting layer and simultaneously reducing the thickness effect in iron-based superconducting coated conductors are particularly essential for improving the critical current . Here, for the first time, we have deposited high-performance FeSeTe (FST) superconducting films up to 2 μm on LaMnO-buffered metal tapes by pulsed laser deposition. An interface engineering strategy, alternating growth of a 10 nm-thick nonsuperconducting FST seed layer and a 400 nm-thick FST superconducting layer, was employed to guarantee the crystalline quality of the films with thicknesses of the order of micrometers, resulting in a highly biaxial texture with grain boundary misorientation angle less than the critical value θ ∼ 9°.

Progress on the Fabrication of Superconducting Wires and Tapes via Hot Isostatic Pressing.

Fabrication of high-performance superconducting wires and tapes is essential for large-scale applications of superconducting materials. The powder-in-tube (PIT) method involves a series of cold processes and heat treatments and has been widely used for fabricating BSCCO, MgB, and iron-based superconducting wires. The densification of the superconducting core is limited by traditional heat treatment under atmospheric pressure.

WGCNA analysis revealing molecular mechanism that bio-organic fertilizer improves pear fruit quality by increasing sucrose accumulation and reducing citric acid metabolism.

It's been long known that the application of organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BF) which containing beneficial microorganisms to pear trees can both significantly improve fruit quality and yield. In order to reveal the mechanism of BF and OF regulating fruit growth and quality in pear, the effects of BF and OF on the photosynthetic characteristics and the accumulation of major sugars and organic acids of the pear fruit were quantified compared with chemical fertilizer (CF). Additionally, the molecular mechanisms regulating pear fruit development and quality were studied through transcriptome analysis.

Organic amendments alleviate early defoliation and increase fruit yield by altering assembly patterns and of microbial communities and enzymatic activities in sandy pear (Pyrus pyrifolia).

Severe early defoliation has become an important factor restricting the development of the pear industry in southern China. However, the assembly patterns of microbial communities and their functional activities in response to the application of bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) or humic acid (HA) in southern China's pear orchards remain poorly understood, particularly the impact on the early defoliation of the trees. We conducted a 3-year field experiment (2017-2019) in an 18-year-old 'Cuiguan' pear orchard.

Rapid Ion Transport Induced by the Enhanced Interaction in Composite Polymer Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries.

High-quality solid electrolyte is the key to developing high-performance all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, we report a thin composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) based on nanosized LiLaZrTaO (N-LLZTO) and the PVDF-HFP matrix through a simple film-casting method. N-LLZTO induces partial dehydrofluorination of the poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix that activates the coordination of Li with PVDF-HFP and LLZTO due to Lewis acid-base interactions, which facilitates dissociation of lithium salt to increase the Li carrier density.

Thickness dependence of structural and superconducting properties of Co-doped BaFeAs coated conductors.

High-quality Co-doped BaFeAs thin films with thickness up to 2 μm were realized on flexible metal tapes with LaMnO as buffer layers fabricated by an ion beam-assisted deposition technique. Structural analysis indicates that increasing thickness does not compromise the film crystallinity, except for a small amount of impurities. Two types of thickness dependence of critical current density ( ) were found: one is almost thickness independent in the range of 0.

Superconducting materials: Challenges and opportunities for large-scale applications.

Superconducting materials hold great potential to bring radical changes for electric power and high-field magnet technology, enabling high-efficiency electric power generation, high-capacity loss-less electric power transmission, small lightweight electrical equipment, high-speed maglev transportation, ultra-strong magnetic field generation for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems, future advanced high energy particle accelerators, nuclear fusion reactors, and so on. The performance, economy, and operating parameters (temperatures and magnetic fields) of these applications strongly depend on the electromagnetic and mechanical properties, as well as the manufacturing and material cost of superconductors. This perspective examines the basic properties relevant to practical applications and key issues of wire fabrication for practical superconducting materials, and describes their challenges and current state in practical applications.

Cationic intermediates assisted self-assembly two-dimensional TiCT/rGO hybrid nanoflakes for advanced lithium-ion capacitors.

Two-dimensional (2D) material MXenes have been intensively concerned in energy-storage field due to these unique properties of metallic-like conductivity, good hydrophilicity and high volumetric capacity. However, the self-restocking of ultra-thin 2D materials seriously hinders these performances, which significantly inhibits the full exploitation of MXenes in the field of energy storage. To solve this issue, a strategy to prepare delaminated TiCT (MXene) nanoflakes/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites is proposed using the electrostatic self-assembly between positively charged TiCT with tetrabutylammonium ion (TBA) modification and negatively charged graphene.

Scalable Production of Wearable Solid-State Li-Ion Capacitors from N-Doped Hierarchical Carbon.

Smart and wearable electronics have aroused substantial demand for flexible portable power sources, but it remains a large challenge to realize scalable production of wearable batteries/supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance and remarkable flexibility simultaneously. Here, a scalable approach is developed to prepare wearable solid-state lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) with superior performance enabled by synergetic engineering from materials to device architecture. Nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon (HC) composed of 1D carbon nanofibers welded with 2D carbon nanosheets is synthesized via a unique self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance.

Recent Advances in MXenes for Lithium-Ion Capacitors.

Recently, two-dimensional MXenes and MXene-based nanocomposites have become the most important electrode materials because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics. As the electrode of a lithium-ion capacitor, MXenes have exhibited metallic conductivity and plastic layer structure that provide more chemically active interfaces and shortened ion-diffusion lengths, and thus the unbalanced ion kinetics between the anode and cathode can be effectively alleviated. In order to further improve the electrochemical performance of MXenes, the composition, morphology and texture, surface chemistry, and structural configuration of MXenes are extensively investigated.

High-performance solid-state Zn batteries based on a free-standing organic cathode and metal Zn anode with an ordered nano-architecture.

The increasing demand for large-scale manufacture of wearable electronics requires applicable energy storage devices with high-performance and safety. In this paper, we reported a solid-state Zn battery based on a free-standing organic cathode and metal Zn anode with an orderly aligned nano-architecture. The cathode is fabricated by depositing organic nanowire arrays on a carbon nanotube film an polymerization process, and the anode was prepared by electrodepositing Zn nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth.

Metabolic Engineering of the MEP Pathway in for Increased Biosynthesis of Menaquinone-7.

Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and plays important roles in bone and cardiovascular health. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is one form of vitamin K that is especially useful due to its long half-life in the circulation. MK-7 is difficult to make organic synthesis, and is thus commonly produced by fermentation.

Rational design of nano-architecture composite hydrogel electrode towards high performance Zn-ion hybrid cell.

In this paper, we developed a novel Zn-ion hybrid cell based on a graphene-conducting polymer composite hydrogel (capacitor-type) cathode and a zinc metal (battery-type) anode. The pseudocapacitive-type cathode materials can effectively boost the capacity of Zn-ion hybrid cell compared to that of electrical double layer cathode materials. In particular, the composite hydrogel with rational designed three-dimensional (3D) nano-architecture combining 3D porous nanostructure with hydrogel, can significantly enlarge the active interfaces between the electrode and electrolyte.

High-Performance Cable-Type Flexible Rechargeable Zn Battery Based on MnO@CNT Fiber Microelectrode.

Nowadays, linear-shaped batteries have received increasing attentions because the unique one-dimensional architecture offers an omni-directional flexibility. We developed a cable-type flexible rechargeable Zn microbattery based on a microscale MnO@carbon nanotube fiberlike composite cathode and Zn wire anode. The Zn-MnO cable microbattery exhibits a large specific capacity, good rate performance, and cyclic stability.

Binder-free 2D titanium carbide (MXene)/carbon nanotube composites for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors.

Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have a very good application prospect in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their metallic conductivity, high volumetric capacity, mechanical and thermal stability. Herein, we report the preparation of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx)/carbon nanotube (CNT) flexible self-supporting composite films by vacuum filtration. The CNTs can effectively prevent Ti3C2Tx from stacking and improve the electrochemical performance.

High Performance Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors Employing FeO-Graphene Composite Anode and Activated Carbon Cathode.

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are considered as promising energy storage devices to realize excellent electrochemical performance, with high energy-power output. In this work, we employed a simple method to synthesize a composite electrode material consisting of FeO nanocrystallites mechanically anchored among the layers of three-dimensional arrays of graphene (FeO-G), which exhibits several advantages compared with other traditional electrode materials, such as high Li storage capacity (820 mAh g at 0.1 A g), high electrical conductivity, and improved electrochemical stability.

Scalable Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Graphene for Supercapacitors with Superior Power Density and Cyclic Stability.

An ultrafast self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique offers scalable routes for the fabrication of mesoporous graphene directly from CO . Due to the excellent electrical conductivity and high ion-accessible surface area, supercapacitor electrodes based on the obtained graphene exhibit superior energy and power performance. The capacitance retention is higher than 90% after one million charge/discharge cycles.

Inhibition on Numb/Notch signal pathway enhances radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell line H358.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of the Numb/Notch signal pathway on the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell line H358. MTT assay and colony forming assay were used to detect the effects of different doses of X-rays and MW167 on the in vitro proliferation of the lung cancer cell line H358. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the effects of X rays on the apoptosis of H358.