Molecular mechanisms of Sepsis attacking the immune system and solid organs.

Remarkable progress has been achieved in sepsis treatment in recent times, the mortality rate of sepsis has experienced a gradual decline as a result of the prompt administration of antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and the implementation of various therapies aimed at supporting multiple organ functions. However, there is still significant mortality and room for improvement. The mortality rate for septic patients, 22.

Panaxadiol Saponin alleviates LPS-induced cardiomyopathy similar to dexamethasone via improving mitochondrial quality control.

Septic cardiomyopathy is linked to a dysregulation in mitochondrial integrity and elevated mortality rates, for which an efficacious treatment remains elusive. PDS, a panaxadiol saponin extracted from ginseng stem and leaf. This study identified the protective effects of PDS and DEX in LPS-induced cardiomyopathy and explored the mechanism of them treating LPS-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspectives of mitochondrial quality control.

Low-Dose Radiation Reduces Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardial Injury Through Mitochondrial Pathways.

The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Our previous study suggested that low-dose radiation (LDR) could mitigate the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX via suppressing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. However, the molecular targets and protective mechanism of LDR are not understood.

NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block.

We intended to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac conduction block inducted by urea transporter (UT)-B deletion at the transcriptome level. The heart tissues were harvested from UT-B null mice and age-matched wild-type mice for lncRNA sequencing analysis. Based on the sequencing data, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and lncRNAs (DELs) between UT-B knockout and control groups were identified, followed by function analysis and mRNA-lncRNA co-expression analysis.

Abnormal expression of , , , and is involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of CAD. We downloaded the GSE98583 dataset, including 12 CAD samples and 6 normal samples, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CAD versus normal samples.

Transcriptome and metabolite analysis reveal the drought tolerance of foxtail millet significantly correlated with phenylpropanoids-related pathways during germination process under PEG stress.

Background: Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Physiological functions of urea transporter B.

Urea transporters (UTs) are membrane proteins in the urea transporter protein A (UT-A) and urea transporter protein B (UT-B) families. UT-B is mainly expressed in endothelial cell membrane of the renal medulla and in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, colon, bladder, bone marrow, and cochlea. UT-B is responsible for the maintenance of urea concentration, male reproductive function, blood pressure, bone metabolism, and brain astrocyte and cardiac functions.

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) CIPKs are responsive to ABA and abiotic stresses.

CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) have been shown to regulate a variety of environmental stress-related signalling pathways in plants. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.

GRIM-19 over-expression represses the proliferation and invasion of orthotopically implanted hepatocarcinoma tumors associated with downregulation of Stat3 signaling.

The retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) gene has been identified as a negative regulator associated with tumor development. The current study created a model of an orthotopically implanted hepatocarcinoma tumor to verify the inhibitory effect of GRIM-19 in vivo. After treatment with GRIM-19 carried by attenuated Salmonella, transplanted tumors were measured with an Imaging System.

Low-Dose Radiation Enhanced Inhibition of Breast Tumor Xenograft and Reduced Myocardial Injury Induced by Doxorubicin.

We reported that low-dose radiation (LDR) alleviated cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) via inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in vivo. Here, we tested whether LDR could enhance chemotherapeutic effect of DOX and alleviate myocardial injury induced by DOX by observing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of heterotopic tumor in vivo. Mice implanted with 4T1 breast carcinoma cells were given 7.

Protective effect of ginsenoside metabolite compound K against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB/p38 signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Though the antidiabetic effect of ginsenoside compound K (CK) has been well studied, the effect of CK on diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not clear. Whether CK would have a protective effect against DN and it could exert the protective effect by inhibiting the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB/p38 signaling pathway were investigated in this study. Here, the HFD (high fat diet)/STZ (streptozotocin)-induced DN mice model was established to assess the CK effect in vivo.

Low dose radiation prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

This study aimed to develop a novel and non-invasive approach, low-dose radiation (LDR, 75 mGy X-rays), to prevent doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, Control, LDR (a single exposure), Sham (treated same as LDR group except for irradiation), DOX (a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX at 7.5 mg/kg), and LDR/DOX (received LDR and 72 h later received DOX).

Plasmid-Based Stat3 siRNA Delivered by Functional Graphene Oxide Suppresses Mouse Malignant Melanoma Cell Growth.

RNA interference (RNAi) has been used for cancer gene therapy in recent years. However, the application of RNAi is hindered in the absence of safe and efficient gene delivery. In this article, a novel vehicle of graphene oxide functionalized with polyethylenimine and polyethylene glycol (GO-PEI-PEG) was successfully synthetized and then used to deliver plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA.

Atrazine promotes RM1 prostate cancer cell proliferation by activating STAT3 signaling.

Atrazine, a widely used pesticide, is frequently detected in soil and surface water, which alarms epidemiologists and medical professionals because of its potential deleterious effects on health. Indeed, atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor that increases aromatase expression in some human cancer cell lines. Both animal and human studies have suggested that atrazine is possibly carcinogenic, although discrepant results have been reported.

Overexpression of RBM5 induces autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Background: Dysfunctions in autophagy and apoptosis are closely interacted and play an important role in cancer development. RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) is a tumor suppressor gene, which inhibits tumor cells' growth and enhances chemosensitivity through inducing apoptosis in our previous studies. In this study, we investigated the relationship between RBM5 overexpression and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

RNA-binding motif protein 5 inhibits the proliferation of cigarette smoke-transformed BEAS-2B cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Cigarette smoking has been shown to be the most significant risk factor for lung cancer. Recent studies have also indicated that RNA-binding motif protein 5 (RBM5) can modulate apoptosis and suppress tumor growth. The present study focused on the role of RBM5 in the regulation of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced transformation of bronchial epithelial cells into the cancerous phenotype and its mechanism of action.

Panaxadiol Saponin and Dexamethasone Improve Renal Function in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which has a high mortality rate. Previous studies showed that panaxadiol saponin (PDS) and Dexamethasone have similar anti-inflammatory properties and protect cardiopulmonary function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock rats. In the present study, we investigated whether PDS or Dexamethasone has a similar role in improving kidney function in LPS-induced AKI mice.

Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by inducing cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Schizandrin B (Sch B) is one of the main dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandraceae). Sch B has multiple functions against cancer.

Dexamethasone attenuates LPS-induced changes in expression of urea transporter and aquaporin proteins, ameliorating brain endotoxemia in mice.

Aim: AQP4 in the brain is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of encephalopathy. AQPs family changes in kidney were accompanied by altered UTs family. The aim of this study was to observe AQP4 and UT-A3 expression in CNS and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia encephalopathy following peripheral LPS injection in mice.

Overexpression of GRIM-19, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I protein, suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth.

GRIM-19 has been demonstrated as an important regulator for the normal tissue development. Recently, more evidences regarded GRIM-19 as the new tumor suppressor. However, the possible mechanisms underlying GRIM-19 suppressing cancer growth are unclear.

Effects of atrazine on the oxidative damage of kidney in Wister rats.

The environmental persistence and bioaccumulation of herbicide atrazine may pose a significant threat to human health. In this experiment, 4 weeks old female Wister rats were treated by 0, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg atrazine respectively for 28 days, and the oxidative stress responses as well as the activations of Nrf2 signaling pathway in kidney tissues induced by atrazine were observed. The results showed that after be treated by atrazine, the Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) levels in serum were increased, the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissue homogenates were increased, the over-expressed Nrf2 transferred into the nuclei and played an antioxidant role by up-regulated the expression of II phase detoxifying enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).

Quantitative proteomic study of myocardial mitochondria in urea transporter B knockout mice.

In previous research, we showed that 16-week-old urea transporter B (UT-B) null mice have an atrial-ventricular conduction block, and hypothesized myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate the mechanism of this block, we examined the proteomic differences in the myocardial mitochondria of UT-B null and wild-type mice with nanoscale LC-MS/MS. Of 26 proteins clearly downregulated in the UT-B null mice, 15 are involved in complexes I, III, IV, and V of the respiratory chain, which would strongly reduce the activity of the electron transport chain.

Delivery of the co-expression plasmid pEndo-Si-Stat3 by attenuated Salmonella serovar typhimurium for prostate cancer treatment.

Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic utility of an attenuated bacterium carrying a plasmid that co-expresses Endostatin, an inhibitor of tumor neovasculogenesis, and a shRNA that targets Stat3 to suppress prostate cancer growth.

Methods: Plasmid pEndo-Si-Stat3 was constructed and introduced into an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. The resultant recombinant bacterium was used as a vector to deliver the plasmid to tumor cells growing in vivo.

Plasmid-based E6-specific siRNA and co-expression of wild-type p53 suppresses the growth of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo.

The E6 protein of the oncogenic HPV-16 functions by interfering with the normal cell cycle control mechanisms, particularly those controlled by p53. In this study, we developed a dual expression plasmid that coexpressed-E6-specific siRNA and wild type p53, and to evaluate its effects on cervical cancer growth. We found that simultaneous expression of pSi-E6-P53 caused a robust suppression of tumor growth when compared to the controls either E6-specific siRNA or p53 alone.

Functional graphene oxide as a plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA carrier inhibits mouse malignant melanoma growth in vivo.

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted intensive interest in the biomedical field in recent years. We investigate whether the use of functional graphene oxide as an efficient delivery system for delivering specific molecular antitumor therapeutics in vivo could achieve a more excellent antitumor effect. Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) promotes survival in a wide spectrum of human cancers.