Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport.

Background: Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of lactation. However, studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little attention. The present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient transport.

Unprecedented Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production via Covalent Triazine Frameworks Constructed from Fused Building Blocks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered attention for their potential in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. However, their photocatalytic efficiency is impeded by insufficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. Constructing COFs with superior planarity is an effective way to enhance the π-conjugation degree and facilitate electron-hole separation.

Asiaticoside modulates human NK cell functional fate by mediating metabolic flexibility in the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), an immunosuppressive cytokine, is often elevated in various tumors and inhibits the immune system's ability to combat tumor cells. Despite promising results from TGF-β inhibitor therapies, their clinical efficacy remains limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance the antitumor capabilities of natural killer (NK) cells in the presence of TGF-β by exploring the potential of asiaticoside, a natural compound with established clinical safety.

CircARAP2 controls sMICA-induced NK cell desensitization by erasing CTCF/PRC2-induced suppression in early endosome marker RAB5A.

Natural killer cells (NK) are the "professional killer" of tumors and play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunotherapy. NK cell desensitization is a key mechanism of tumor immune escape. Dysregulated NKG2D-NKG2DL signaling is a primary driver of this desensitization process.

Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology, bioinformatics and experimental validation to uncover the anti-cancer mechanisms of TiaoPi AnChang decoction in colorectal cancer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The TiaoPi AnChang Decoction (TPACD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription based on Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction, has demonstrated clinical efficacy as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, its specific ingredients and potential mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: To identify the primary active ingredients of TPACD, their molecular targets, and potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of TPACD in CRC treatment.

A Dual-Active Covalent Triazine Framework Film for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen offers a clean and sustainable alternative to the conventional energy-intensive anthraquinone oxidation method. Compared to powdered covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), the film morphology of CTFs provides better connectivity in 2D, yielding several advantages: more efficient connections between active sites, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, increased resistance to superoxide radical induced corrosion, and decreased light scattering. Leveraging these benefits, it has incorporated dual active sites for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the water oxidation reaction (WOR) into a CTF film system.

Causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are both common life-threatening diseases in the elderly population. Some studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease, but real-world research is subject to many biases. We hope to clarify the causal relationship between the two through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Covalent Triazine Framework Films through In-Situ Growth for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting offers a promising way to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are ideal photocatalysts owing to its exceptional in-plane π-conjugation, high chemical stability, and sturdy framework structure. However, CTF-based photocatalysts are typically in powder form, which presents challenges in catalyst recycling and scale-up applications.

A SUMOylation-dependent HIF-1α/CLDN6 negative feedback mitigates hypoxia-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Background: We have previously described CLDN6 as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Here, a new finding is that CLDN6 was upregulated under hypoxia, a commonly recognized factor that promotes tumor metastasis. In this study, we aim to explain this confusing finding and delineate the role of CLDN6 in the breast cancer metastasis induced by hypoxia.

Predictive Value of Pin1 in Cervical Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Inhibition of Pin1 Exerts Potent Anticancer Activity against Human Cervical Cancer.

Many oncogenes are involved in the progression from low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs); which greatly increases the risk of cervical cancer (CC). Thus, a reliable biomarker for risk classification of LSILs is urgently needed. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is overexpressed in many cancers and contributes significantly to tumour initiation and progression.

NRSN2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally amongst gynecologic tumors due to aggressive metastasis. A previous study reported that neurensin-2 (NRSN2) was implicated in human cancer cells, and that NRSN2 gene and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in human breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the role of NRSN2 in the metastasis of breast cancer cells and explore its potential mechanism.

TRIM59 loss in M2 macrophages promotes melanoma migration and invasion by upregulating MMP-9 and Madcam1.

The culture supernatant from macrophages overexpressing TRIM59 has a cytotoxic effect on melanoma, but the mechanism remains unclear. To investigate whether deletion of TRIM59 in macrophages affects the metastatic potential of melanoma cells, we polarized control and TRIM59-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages to the M2 phenotype and collected the respective conditioned media (CM). Exposure to CM from TRIM59-M2 cultures significantly promoted migration and invasion by B16-F0 and B16-F10 cells.

Estrogen receptor β inhibits breast cancer cells migration and invasion through CLDN6-mediated autophagy.

Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been reported to play an anti-cancer role in breast cancer, but the regulatory mechanism by which ERβ exerts this effect is not clear. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a tight junction protein, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Our previous studies have found that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces CLDN6 expression and inhibits MCF-7 cell migration and invasion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.

ERα is required for suppressing OCT4-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells via DNMT1/ISL1/ERK axis.

Objective: POU5F1 (OCT4) is implicated in cancer stem cell self-renewal. Currently, some studies have shown that OCT4 has a dual function in suppressing or promoting cancer progression. However, the precise molecular mechanism of OCT4 in breast cancer progression remains unclear.

OCT4 maintains self-renewal and reverses senescence in human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells through the downregulation of p21 by DNA methyltransferases.

Background: Self-renewal is dependent on an intrinsic gene regulatory network centered on OCT4 and on an atypical cell cycle G1/S transition, which is also regulated by OCT4. p21, a gene negatively associated with self-renewal and a senescence marker, is a member of the universal cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and plays critical roles in the regulation of the G1/S transition. The expression of p21 can be regulated by OCT4-targeted DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which play distinct roles in gene regulation and maintaining pluripotency properties.

CLDN6 promotes chemoresistance through GSTP1 in human breast cancer.

Background: Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a member of CLDN family and a key component of tight junction, has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether CLDN6 plays any role in breast cancer chemoresistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CLDN6 in the acquisition of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.

SMAD2 Inactivation Inhibits CLDN6 Methylation to Suppress Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells.

The downregulation of tight junction protein CLDN6 promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion; however, the exact mechanism underlying CLDN6 downregulation remains unclear. CLDN6 silence is associated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated DNA methylation, and DNMT1 is regulated by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)/SMAD pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that TGFβ/SMAD pathway, specifically SMAD2, may play a critical role for CLDN6 downregulation through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated DNA methylation.

KDM3A promotes inhibitory cytokines secretion by participating in TLR4 regulation of Foxp3 transcription in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptors, a member of the Toll-like receptor family and it serves a role in innate and acquired immunity. It has previously been reported that TLR4 was overexpressed in a variety of tumor tissues and cells, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the TLR4 signaling pathway may be activated in order to upregulate forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs), and thus enhance the immunosuppressive function of Tregs.

DNA methylation of claudin-6 promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion by recruiting MeCP2 and deacetylating H3Ac and H4Ac.

Background: Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a member of claudin transmembrane protein family, has recently been reported to be undetectable or at low levels in human breast cancer cell lines and tissues and plays a role in suppression of migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. In addition, it is reported that CLDN6 expression is regulated by DNA methylation in various human cancers and cell lines. However, it is unclear how DNA methylation regulates CLDN6 expression.

Aire-Overexpressing Dendritic Cells Induce Peripheral CD4⁺ T Cell Tolerance.

Autoimmune regulator (Aire) can promote the ectopic expression of peripheral tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) in thymic medullary epithelial cells (mTECs), which leads to the deletion of autoreactive T cells and consequently prevents autoimmune diseases. However, the functions of Aire in the periphery, such as in dendritic cells (DCs), remain unclear. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of Aire-overexpressing DCs (Aire cells) on the functions of CD4⁺ T cells and the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Txr1: an important factor in oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer.

Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is the main treatment regimen for gastric cancer (GC), but can fail because of drug resistance. We investigated the role of a recently identified drug-resistance gene, taxol-resistant gene 1 (Txr1), in oxaliplatin resistance. A retrospective study based on banked tissue was carried out.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a tissue biomarker for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring mainly in patients with chronic liver disease. Detection of early HCC is critically important for treatment of these patients.

Methods: We employed a proteomic profiling approach to identify potential biomarker for early HCC detection.

Stercoral colonic diverticulum perforation with jejunal diverticulitis mimicking upper gastrointestinal perforation.

Stercoral perforation of the colon is an unusual pathological condition with fewer than 150 cases reported in the literature to date. We present a case of stercoral colonic perforation mimicking upper gastrointestinal perforation, which was diagnosed by computed tomography preoperatively. However, at laparotomy, stercoral colonic diverticulum perforation with jejunal diverticulitis became the most appropriate diagnosis.

[Effect of protein kinase C/transforming growth factor beta 1 pathway on activation of hepatic stellate cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of protein kinase C (PKC)/transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta1) pathway on activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC).

Methods: HSC rHSC-99 cell line was used in three groups in this study. Group A served as a control.