Investigation of the role and mechanism of dapagliflozin in mitigating renal injury in rats afflicted with diabetic kidney disease.

The etiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is multifaceted, with hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis recognized as key contributors to renal damage in individuals with DKD. Clinical evidence suggests that dapagliflozin not only reduces blood glucose levels but also demonstrates superior efficacy in ameliorating pancreatic islet cell injury while preserving cardiac and renal function. However, the precise underlying mechanism has been poorly elucidated in the current literature.

Altitude-Driven Variations in Nutritional, Bioactive, and Mineral Profiles of Hawthorn ( spp.).

Hawthorn ( spp.), a plant widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, is valued for its bioactive compounds and diverse health benefits. Known for its remarkable adaptability to various environmental conditions, hawthorn thrives across different altitudes, but these environmental factors, particularly altitude, significantly influence the accumulation of its bioactive substances.

A humanized anti-b7h3×4-1BB bispecific antibody exerts potent antitumour effects through the activation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB have shown much preclinical promise, but their clinical development has been limited by obvious toxicity or unremarkable efficacy. Here, we generated two humanized anti-B7H3 × 4-1BB bsAbs (HK056-001/002) by fusing an anti-4-1BB scFv to the C-terminus of an anti-B7H3 with an intact Fc fragment from human IgG1 or IgG4. The two bsAbs were able to stimulate the 4-1BB signaling pathway, which was strictly dependent on B7H3 expression.

Parthenolide attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through inhibiting STAT3 signaling.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic lung disease characterized by the progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling involves the proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth cells (PASMCs). Parthenolide (PTN) is a bioactive compound derived from a traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), and it has been studied for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other related ailments.

Dioscin decreases M2 polarization via inhibiting a positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB in glioma.

Background: The role of the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is pivotal in the development of gliomas. Discovering drugs that can traverse the blood-brain barrier and modulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the treatment of GBM. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin derived from various kinds of plants and herbs known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, has shown its powerful anti-tumor activity.

A comparison of milk fat globule membranes and whey proteomes: New insight into variation nutrient differences between Buffalo, Cow, Goat, and Yak.

In this study, the whey and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteomes of buffalo, cow, goat, and yak milk were analyzed using label-free proteomic technology. Totally, 1,292 MFGM proteins and 686 whey proteins were identified from these four species, and GO analysis revealed there were specific proteins with different functions in both whey (376) and MFGM (982) proteomes. The principal component analysis showed that ALB, TF, CSN1S1, and GLYCAM1 are characteristic markers of the milk for each of the four species.

The status of the global food waste mitigation policies: experience and inspiration for China.

Unlabelled: Food waste has become a significant challenge faced by the community with a shared future for mankind, and it has also caused a considerable impact on China's food security. Scholars across disciplines, international organizations, and especially policymakers are increasingly interested in food waste. Policies are seen as a powerful factor in reducing food waste, but current research on related policies is more scattered.

Gracillin relieves pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the STAT3 axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a persistent and refractory illness accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis. Gracillin, a natural steroidal saponin, is one of the components of Dioscorea quinqueloba which has been used in herbal medicines for treating some inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it may be a potential drug candidate for PF management.

Focused liquid ultrasonography in dropsy protocol for quantitative assessment of subcutaneous edema.

Background: Although subcutaneous edema is a common symptom of critically ill patients, it is still underreported due to the lack of a systematic method for evaluating it. The present study aims to describe the occurrence and distribution of subcutaneous edema, as well as the risk factors associated with it, in critically ill patients using the focused liquid ultrasonography in dropsy (FLUID) protocol, and to assess their impact on ICU mortality.

Methods: The FLUID protocol and the pitting test were performed on general ICU patients in China.

Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China.

Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution.

Amino Acid Profiles and Nutritional Evaluation of Fresh Sweet-Waxy Corn from Three Different Regions of China.

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the amino acid compositions of Chinese Huangnuo 9 fresh sweet-waxy corn from three different provinces in China-Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Province. Moreover, we established a nutritive evaluation system based on amino acid profiles to evaluate, compare, and rank the fresh sweet-waxy corn planted in different regions. A total of 17 amino acids were quantified, and the amino acid composition of fresh sweet-waxy corn was analyzed and evaluated.

Bibliometric analysis of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in anemia.

This study aimed to explore the global research status, hot topics, and future prospects in the field of the hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) by bibliometric analysis. The literatures about HIF-PHI were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection and Pubmed database from inceptions to January.10th.

Lysine-40 succinylation of TAGLN2 induces glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth through regulating TMSB4X.

Protein lysine succinylation (K) represents an important regulatory mechanism of tumor development. In this work, the difference of protein K between HCMEC/D3 co-cultured with U87 (glioma endothelia cells, GEC) and without U87 (normal endothelia cells, NEC) was investigated using TMT labeling and affinity enrichment followed by high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Interestingly, TAGLN2 was highly succinylated at K40 in GEC (15.

Fatty Acid Profiles and Nutritional Evaluation of Fresh Sweet-Waxy Corn from Three Regions of China.

Fresh corn is a kind of herbaceous plant with rich nutritive value and a reasonable composition of fatty acids; however, there is little research on methods for the systemic nutritional evaluation of fatty acids in fresh corn. The aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles of Chinese Huangnuo 9 sweet-waxy corn from the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang by gas chromatography; to establish a nutritional evaluation system according to the impacts of nutrients from fatty acids on human health; and finally, to evaluate, compare and rank fresh sweet-waxy corn grown in different regions. Tocopherols were detected by liquid chromatography in order to demonstrate the anti-oxidation activity of fresh corn's fatty acids.

Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Severity and Predicting Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), early assessment of secondary injury severity is critically important for estimating prognosis and treatment stratification. Currently, secondary injury severity is difficult to estimate. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of non-invasive amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess TBI injury in different brain regions and predict long-term neurobehavior outcomes.

Simple surrogate equations to predict controlled attenuation parameter values for screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population.

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained by FibroScan reflects the level of liver steatosis in patients with obesity. Our study aimed to construct a simple equation to predict the CAP, to facilitate the screening and monitoring of patients at high risk for NAFLD.

Identification of novel indole derivatives as highly potent and efficacious LSD1 inhibitors.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a FAD-dependent histone demethylase to catalyze the demethylation of H3K4 and H3K9 and thus is an attractive target for therapeutic cancer. Starting with a high micromolar compound 17i, structure-based optimization of novel indole derivatives is described by a bioelectronic isosteric strategy. Grounded by molecular modeling, medicinal chemistry has efficiently yielded low nanomolar LSD1 inhibitors.

Interleukin-10 deficiency aggravates traumatic brain injury in male but not female mice.

The goal of this study was to determine whether deficiency of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) affects traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes in a sex-dependent manner. Moderate TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact in 8-10 week-old wild-type and IL-10-deficient mice. In wild-type mice, serum IL-10 was significantly increased after TBI in males but not in females.

Relationship of Oropharyngeal Colonization Microorganisms to Clinical Outcomes within 100 Days after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Little is known about oropharyngeal colonization microorganisms in patients during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and updated epidemiologic investigations are advisable. This study aimed to characterize oropharyngeal colonization microorganisms in patients during allo-HSCT and confirm whether they were related to clinical outcomes. This retrospective, matched case-control study included 1267 consecutive patients undergoing allo-HSCT between January 2018 and December 2020 at our institution.

Genetic diagnosis of common fetal renal abnormalities detected on prenatal ultrasound.

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlations between phenotypes of fetal renal abnormalities on prenatal ultrasound and genetic aetiologies detected using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Methods: Fetuses with renal abnormalities were subjected to CMA and were further analysed by WES when CMA-negative. The detection rates for chromosomal abnormalities and monogenic variants among different types of isolated renal abnormalities and those with extrarenal abnormalities (non-isolated cases) were determined and compared.

A Prediction Equation to Estimate Vascular Endothelial Function in Different Body Mass Index Populations.

Objective: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is considered an early predictor of endothelial injury and the initiating factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) can detect endothelial injury early and provide important prognostic information beyond traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. This study aimed to find the influencing factors of FMD and develop a simple prediction model in populations with different body mass indices (BMIs).

Changes in muscle ultrasound for the diagnosis of intensive care unit acquired weakness in critically ill patients.

To test diagnostic accuracy of changes in thickness (TH) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle ultrasound for diagnosis of intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Fully conscious patients were subjected to muscle ultrasonography including measuring the changes in TH and CSA of biceps brachii (BB) muscle, vastus intermedius (VI) muscle, and rectus femoris (RF) muscles over time. 37 patients underwent muscle ultrasonography on admission day, day 4, day 7, and day 10 after ICU admission, Among them, 24 were found to have ICW-AW.

Symptom management to alleviate thirst and dry mouth in critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Critically ill patients often experience coexisting symptoms. Thirst, in particular, appears to be an important symptom, having the highest prevalence, intensity, and induction of distress, and is significantly correlated with other symptoms. However, thirst and dry mouth are not usually assessed or treated.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5-aminotetrahydroquinoline-based LSD1 inhibitors acting on Asp375.

The abnormal expression of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is associated with different cancer types, and LSD1 inhibitory activity seems to have high therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of novel 5-aminotetrahydroquinoline-based LSD1 inhibitors. Among them, compounds A6, A8, B1-B5, and C4 showed preferable inhibitory effects on LSD1, with IC  = 0.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzofuran derivatives as potent LSD1 inhibitors.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a FAD-dependent enzyme, which has been proposed as a promising target for therapeutic cancer. Herein, a series of benzofuran derivatives were designed, synthesized and biochemical evaluated as novel LSD1 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping and conformational restriction strategy. Most of the compounds potently suppressed the enzymatic activities of LSD1 and potently inhibited tumor cells proliferation.