Bubble Evolution under the Action of Polycarboxylate and Air-Entraining Agent and Its Effects on Concrete Properties-A Review.

In order to improve the performance of concrete, it is of great significance to have a better understanding the mechanism and main influencing factors of concrete bubble evolution under the action of polycarboxylate and air-entraining agents. In the present review, with respect to the generation, growth, stability, and rupture of concrete bubbles under the action of polycarboxylate and air-entraining agents, this paper discusses the influence of bubble characteristics on concrete performance and studies bubble regulation by air-entraining agents and polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizer. The results show that the acid-to-ether ratio, sulfonic acid group, ester group, and the type of air entraining agent of the polycarboxylate acid structure have a significant impact on the bubbles.