Comparison of clinical outcomes between laparoscopic orchiopexy and open orchiopexy in the treatment of palpable undescended testes.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of laparoscopic orchiopexy (LO) and open orchiopexy (OO) in the treatment of palpable undescended testes.

Methods: Seventy-six children with palpable undescended testes treated in Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital from June 2019 to January 2021 were selected in this observational retrospective study. Patients were grouped according to their different surgical methods, 33 patients received OO (Open-group) and 43 patients received LO (Laparoscopic-group).

Thermolides, potent nematocidal PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus.

Macrocyclic PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites represent a unique family of natural products mainly from bacteria with broad and outstanding biological activities. However, their distribution in fungi has rarely been reported, and little has been reported regarding their nematocidal activity. Here we describe an unprecedented class of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites possessing a 13-membered lactam-bearing macrolactone, thermolides A-F (1-6) from a thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus.

Arthrobotrisins A-C, oligosporons from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.

Arthrobotrys oligospora is a carnivorous fungus that can use mycelia trapping devices to capture their prey. Three novel oligosporons, named arthrobotrisins A-C (1-3), were isolated from A. oligospora and identified by spectroscopic analysis in combination with X-ray diffraction.

Isolation of putative biosynthetic intermediates of prenylated indole alkaloids from a thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus.

The putative key biosynthetic intermediates of prenylated indole alkaloids have long been proposed but never isolated. Two such alkaloids, named talathermophilins A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from a thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus strain YM1-3 and were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The ratio of 1 and 2 in the culture broths was unexpectedly rather constant (about 2:3), which even remained unchanged despite the addition of exogenous 1 or 2, suggesting that talathermophilins might be of special function for the extremophilic fungus.

Nematodetoxic aurovertin-type metabolites from a root-knot nematode parasitic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia.

Chemical investigation of one fungal strain P. chlamydosporia YMF 1.00613 isolated from root knots of tobacco infected by Meloidogyne incognita led to the isolation and identification of four aurovertin-type metabolites, which include a new compound, aurovertin I (A1), and three known metabolites, aurovertins E, F and D (A2-A4).