Sleep problems and duration in school-aged children at different levels of giftedness.

Objectives: Optimal sleep is crucial for developing and maintaining gifted children's cognitive abilities. However, only a few studies have explored the sleep profiles of gifted children and overlooked their internal variations. This study aimed to investigate subjective and object sleep profiles in school-aged gifted children with different levels of giftedness.

Daytime sleep duration during infancy as an indicator for cognitive development at school age: a prospective cohort study.

Study Objectives: The reduction in daytime sleep during early life is considered one of the indicators of the maturation of sleep patterns, which is closely associated with cognitive development. The current study aims to analyze the relationships between daytime sleep duration (DSD) during infancy and cognitive development at 6 and 10 years.

Methods: The study included 262 mothers with their newborns from the Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study, spanning 11 follow-ups from 42 days to 10 years.

In-Depth Structure and Function Characterization of Heterogeneous Interchain Cysteine-Conjugated Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), integrating high specificity of antigen-targeting antibodies and high potency of cell-killing chemical drugs, have become one of the most rapidly expanding therapeutic biologics in oncology. Although ADCs were widely studied from multiple aspects, overall structural elucidation with comprehensive understanding of variants is scarcely reported. Here, for the first time, we present a holistic and in-depth characterization of an interchain cysteine-conjugated ADC, focusing on conjugation and charge heterogeneity, and in vitro biological activities.

The association between sleep and early pubertal development in Chinese children: a school population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: There is an increasing tendency toward early pubertal development, and sleep might be related to pubertal onset. We aimed to investigate the association of sleep duration and bedtime with early pubertal development.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 8,007 children (53.

The effects of maternal prenatal depression on child mental health: The moderating role of maternal childhood trauma.

Background: There is a large body of evidence suggesting that maternal prenatal depression significantly predicts mental health problems in children. However, little is known about the role of maternal childhood trauma within this effect.

Methods: The current study utilized a sample of 187 mother-child dyads (51.

The mediating effect of DNA methylation in the association between maternal sleep during pregnancy and offspring adiposity status: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Childhood overweight/obesity is a global public health concern. It is important to identify its early-life risk factors. Maternal poor sleep is common in late pregnancy, and previous studies indicated that poor sleep may influence the offspring's adiposity status.

Early childhood sleep trajectories and association with maternal depression: a prospective cohort study.

Study Objectives: To investigate trajectories of early childhood sleep in the first 3 years and their association with maternal depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data were from 243 Chinese mother-child dyads. Children's sleep duration and night-waking were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 42 days, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postpartum.

Weight spectrum and executive function in adolescents: the moderating role of negative emotions.

Background: While recent works suggested that overweight/obesity may impair executive function (EF), the overweight/obesity-EF relationship has not been well studied in adolescents. Furthermore, no research has investigated adolescent EF impairments across the weight spectrum (e.g.

Case Report: A Relatively Mild Phenotype Produced by Novel Mutations in the Gene.

Mutations in the human -phosphoseryl-tRNA:selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase gene ( are associated with progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy (PCCA), also known as pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2D (PCH2D). Early-onset profound developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and hypotonia that develops toward severe spasticity have been previously reported with mutations. Herein we report a case with severe global developmental delay, myogenic changes in the lower limbs, and insomnia, but without progressive microcephaly and brain atrophy during infancy and toddlerhood in a child harboring the missense variant c.

The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study.

Sleep is vital for children's early socio-emotional development, particularly empathy. This study aimed to explore the associations between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers. A sample of 23,259 preschoolers (4.

Grandparental care and sleep disturbances in preschool children: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common in preschoolers, and profoundly affected by parenting. Grandparents are increasingly involved in childcare and have attracted worldwide attention for their potential impacts on child well-being. However, no studies have explored child sleep health within the context of grandparental care.

Socioeconomic inequality in child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: First evidence from China.

Background: There are increasing concerns that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic will disproportionately affect socioeconomically disadvantaged children. However, there lacks empirical evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health and associated factors.

Methods: We conducted a population-based online survey in 21,526 children in China, when children were confined at home for nearly two months during the pandemic.

Rational design and optimization of synthetic gene switches for controlling cell-fate decisions in pluripotent stem cells.

Advances in synthetic biology have enabled robust control of cell behavior by using tunable genetic circuits to regulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. Such circuits can be used to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) towards desired cell types, but rational design of synthetic gene circuits in PSCs is challenging due to the variable intracellular environment. Here, we provide a framework for implementing synthetic gene switches in PSCs based on combinations of tunable transcriptional, structural, and posttranslational elements that can be engineered as required, using the vanillic acid-controlled transcriptional activator (VanA) as a model system.

Combined effects of weight change trajectories and eating behaviors on childhood adiposity status: A birth cohort study.

Previous studies have suggested that infant rapid weight change can be associated with an increased weight later in life. However, the weight change trajectory in early life over time and which childhood lifestyle behaviors may modify the risk of rapid weight change have not been characterized. Using our ongoing birth cohort study, we have addressed these issues.

Cohort Profile: The Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Sleep disturbances in women occur frequently throughout pregnancy. Previous studies have demonstrated that the increasing incidence of physiological and psychological illness is concurrent with increasing sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality in adults and children.

Objectives: The Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study (SSBCS) was established to examine the effect of sleep disturbances during the third trimester on emotional regulation of mothers; to assess the effect of maternal sleep during pregnancy on the growth and development of children; and to explore the influence of children's sleep characteristics on physical and social-emotional development.

GWAS-identified variants to allergic disease and early environmental exposure in Chinese schoolchildren with allergic rhinitis induced by house dust mite.

Background: There is growing evidence that environmental exposure in early life is associated with the development of childhood allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To investigate whether polymorphisms in previously published genome wide association studies (GWAS) allergic disease loci are associated with childhood house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis (HDM-AR) and interaction effects of genetic and environmental factors on it.

Methods: 156 cases diagnosed by HDM-AR and 173 controls were enrolled.

Early language and communication development in Chinese children: Adaption and validation of a parent report instrument.

Purpose: To fulfil the needs of assessment tools in the Chinese population, we adapted the LENA Developmental Snapshot, a parent survey that measures early language and communication development in English-speaking children. We reported the psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaire and evaluated the metric and functional equivalence between the adapted and the original instruments.

Method: The Snapshot was translated into Chinese and reviewed by an expert panel.

Effect of maternal sleep in late pregnancy on leptin and lipid levels in umbilical cord blood.

Objectives: To study the impact of maternal sleep in late pregnancy on birth weight (BW) and leptin and lipid levels in umbilical cord blood.

Study Design: A total of 277 healthy and singleton pregnancy women were recruited for participation in the Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study (SSBC) during their 36-38 weeks of pregnancy, from May 2012 to July 2013. Maternal night sleep time (NST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL) and the percentage of wake after sleep onset (WASO) in NST and midpoint of sleep (MSF) were measured by actigraphy for seven consecutive days.

Association of number of siblings, birth order, and thinness in 3- to 12-year-old children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.

Background: Sibship size and structure have a significant association with overweight and obesity in children, but the relationship with thinness has not been fully studied and understood, especially in Asia. This study evaluated the associations among number of siblings, birth order, and childhood thinness and investigated the association of number of younger or older siblings with childhood thinness.

Methods: In this study, we performed a population-based cross-sectional study among 84,075 3- to 12-year-old children in Shanghai using multistage stratified cluster random sampling.

Associations of short sleep duration with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize and assess whether short sleep duration is associated with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokine levels. Reference databases were searched for studies related to sleep and appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the level of appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines, including leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and orexin.

The association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and children's sleep-wake patterns: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the association between vitamin D in cord blood or in venous blood and children's sleep-wake patterns at two years of age.

Methods: Data were from 209 children in a birth cohort, Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study (SSBC). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed in cord blood and venous blood samples at two years of age by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Ten-Year Secular Trends in Sleep/Wake Patterns in Shanghai and Hong Kong School-Aged Children: A Tale of Two Cities.

Study Objectives: To compare the secular trends of sleep/wake patterns in school-aged children in Hong Kong and Shanghai, two major metropolitan cities in China with two different policies that school start time was delayed in Shanghai, but advanced in Hong Kong in 10 years' time.

Methods: Participants were from two waves of cross-sectional school-based surveys of children aged 6 to 11 years. In Shanghai, 4,339 and 13,795 children participated in the 2005 and 2014 surveys, respectively.