Acute kidney injury and energy metabolism.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) predominantly affects hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units, and has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Several factors, including severe cardiovascular disease, surgery-induced renal ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs, and sepsis, contribute to the development of AKI. Despite the implementation of various clinical strategies to prevent or treat AKI, its morbidity and mortality remain high, and there are no clinically effective therapeutic agents available.

Combined ANFIS and numerical methods to reveal the mass transfer mechanism of ultrasound-enhanced extraction of proteins from millet.

Millet protein, as a promising plant-based protein substitute source, is an excellent basis for essential amino acids compared to commonly consumed staple grains. Compared with the traditional extraction process, ultrasound has been used to enhance the extraction efficiency of various plant-based proteins. To reveal the mechanism of ultrasound-enhanced extraction of proteins, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm and numerical simulation based on Fick's law were applied to illustrate the mass transfer behavior of millet proteins under different ultrasonic conditions including solid-liquid ratios (S/L ratios), pH and acoustic energy density levels (AED).

Gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rate trends in China: analysis of data from the population-based cancer registry.

Background: Gallbladder cancer is a major health concern in China, and awareness of the associated incidence and mortality rates is particularly important given the aging population.

Objective: To determine trends in gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality rates over 12 years and quantitatively analyze the influence of demographic factors on these rates in China.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 98,860 Chinese citizens using the Chinese Cancer Registry, a national database.

Nephropathy induced by cisplatin results from mitochondrial disruption, impaired energy metabolism, altered expression of renal transporters, and accumulation of urinary toxins.

Background: The administration of platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin and its derivatives, which are frequently used during clinical chemotherapy, is highly restricted due to the incidence of nephrotoxicity. The present study focused on investigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from the perspective of energy metabolism, renal transporter expression and urinary toxin accumulation.

Methods: This study investigated cisplatin's toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and splenotoxicity.

The toxicity of cisplatin derives from effects on renal organic ion transporters expression and serum endogenous substance levels.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumors, but the induction of AKI restricts its clinical application. In this study, the effect of cisplatin on the expression of organic ion transporters was investigated through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

The mechanism exploration of different colored rice for immunomodulation based on UPLC-Q-TOF, network pharmacology, and cell experiments.

Rice has a long history as a staple food consumed by half of the world's population. Compared with white rice (WR), colored rice (CR) has more nutritional value because it contains rich active ingredients. In this study, the potential mechanism of CR (red rice (RR), green rice (GR), black rice (BR), and purple rice (PR)) for immunomodulation was explored by UPLC-Q-TOF, network pharmacology, and cell experiment.

Screening for Early Biomarkers of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats Through Serum Metabolomics Technology.

Objective: To systematically identify early biomarkers of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.

Study Design: An experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Experimental Animal Laboratory of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China, and the Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China, from July 2022 to October 2023.

Identification of a substrate of the renal tubular transporters for detecting drug-induced early acute kidney injury.

Early identification of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential to prevent renal damage. The renal tubules are typically the first to exhibit damage, frequently accompanied by changes in renal tubular transporters. With this in mind, we have identified an endogenous substrate of the renal tubular transporters that may serve as a biomarker for early detection of drug-induced AKI.

Identification and characterization of an endogenous biomarker of the renal vectorial transport (OCT2-MATE1).

The renal tubular organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) mediate the vectorial elimination of many drugs and toxins from the kidney, and endogenous biomarkers for vectorial transport (OCT2-MATE1) would allow more accurate drug dosing and help to characterize drug-drug interactions and toxicity. Human serum uptake in OCT2-overexpressing cells and metabolomics analysis were carried out. Potential biomarkers were verified in vitro and in vivo.

Predictive value of cytokines combined with human neutrophil lipocalinin acute ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia.

Objective: To explore the predictive value of interleukin-6 (IL-6) combined with human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: 108patients were divided into two groups: pneumonia group (52 cases) and non-pneumonia group (56 cases), according to whether the patients developed SAP within 7 days of admission. General information was compared between the two groups, like age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, dysphagia, smoking and alcoholhistory.

Albumin-bound kynurenic acid is an appropriate endogenous biomarker for assessment of the renal tubular OATs-MRP4 channel.

Renal tubular secretion mediated by organic anion transporters (OATs) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) is an important means of drug and toxin excretion. Unfortunately, there are no biomarkers to evaluate their function. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize an endogenous biomarker of the renal tubular OATs-MRP4 channel.

Wolfram syndrome type 1: a case series.

Background: Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem neurodegenerative disease characterized by non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, sensorineural deafness, and diabetes as the main features. Owing to clinical phenotypic heterogeneity, the misdiagnosis rate is high. However, early accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management are key to improving quality of life and prolonging life.

Comprehensive improvement of nutrients and volatile compounds of black/purple rice by extrusion-puffing technology.

Introduction: Black/purple rice is a pigmented rice variety that contains high levels of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and other valuable bioactive compounds. Owing to its robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, black/purple rice exerts a beneficial effect on human health. Extrusion puffing technology has emerged as a promising means of improving rice flavor with lesser effect on nutrient content.

Accumulation of Renal Fibrosis in Hyperuricemia Rats Is Attributed to the Recruitment of Mast Cells, Activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 Pathway, and Aggravation of Oxidative Stress.

Renal fibrosis is relentlessly progressive and irreversible, and a life-threatening risk. With the continuous intake of a high-purine diet, hyperuricemia has become a health risk factor in addition to hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Hyperuricemia is also an independent risk factor for renal interstitial fibrosis.

Preventive effect of LCZ696 on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats via regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a devastating disease worldwide; however, effective therapeutic drugs are lacking. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of LCZ696 treatment on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were kept in a hypobaric chamber with an oxygen concentration of 5% for 4 weeks.

Gentamicin alleviates cholestatic liver injury by decreasing gut microbiota-associated bile salt hydrolase activity in rats.

Intrahepatic cholestasis lacks effective therapeutic drugs. The gut microbiota-associated bile salt hydrolases (BSH) may be a potential therapeutic target. In this study, oral administration of gentamicin (GEN) decreased the serum and hepatic levels of total bile acid in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestatic male rats, significantly improved the serum levels of hepatic biomarkers and reversed the histopathological changes in the liver.

Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney.

Two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have hypertension, and thus the combination of two or more drugs to treat these diseases is common. It has been shown that the combination of metformin and enalapril has beneficial effects, but few studies have evaluated the interactions between these two drugs. This study investigated the effects of enalapril on the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of metformin in rats, with a focus on transporter-mediated drug interactions.

Uric acid accumulation in the kidney triggers mast cell degranulation and aggravates renal oxidative stress.

The accumulation of uric acid (UA) in the body can lead to the occurrence of hyperuricemia or uric acid nephropathy. Mast cells (MCs) increase oxidative stress and release renin to promote the production of Ang II. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UA on MCs in rat kidneys and the association between MCs and renal injury.

Characterization of the renal tubular transport of creatinine by activity-based protein profiling and transport kinetics.

Serum creatinine is widely used to adjust the dosing of drugs eliminated by the kidney in patients with renal dysfunction, as it is a readily accessible indicator of kidney function. However, there are many limitations for drug dosage adjustment based on serum creatinine levels, one of which is the limited understanding of creatinine's tubular transport. Thus, we aimed to complement and advance the renal tubular transport of creatinine by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and transporter-overexpression technology.

Construction and Evaluation of a Novel Organic Anion Transporter 1/3 CRISPR/Cas9 Double-Knockout Rat Model.

Background: Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 have an overlapping spectrum of substrates such that one can exert a compensatory effect when the other is dysfunctional. As a result, the knockout of either OAT1 or OAT3 is not reflected in a change in the excretion of organic anionic substrates. To date, only the mOAT1 and mOAT3 individual knockout mouse models have been available.

Moderate addition of B-type starch granules improves the rheological properties of wheat dough.

The quality traits of wheat grain ultimately determine the performance of wheat flour and dough, which is crucial to end-products. However, to combine high yield and good grain quality has been a great challenge in wheat breeding. In this study, the different sized A- and B-type starch granules were fractioned to investigate their effects on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and rheological properties of wheat dough using three substitution levels (5, 10, and 15%).

Erythropoietin promotes energy metabolism to improve LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells via SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of frequent complications of sepsis with high mortality. Mitochondria is the center of energy metabolism participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI, and SIRT1/PGC1-α signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the modulation of energy metabolism. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts protective functions on chronic kidney disease.

Effects of Quinoa Flour on Wheat Dough Quality, Baking Quality, and Starch Digestibility of the Crispy Biscuits.

Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal which has excellent nutritional and functional properties due to its high content of nutrients, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, and therefore quinoa serves as an excellent supplement to make healthy and functional foods. The present study was aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of wheat doughs and crispy biscuits supplemented with different amount of quinoa flour. The results showed that when more wheat flour was substituted by quinoa flour, proportion of unextractable polymeric protein to the total polymeric protein (UPP%) of the reconstituted doughs decreased and the gluten network structure was destroyed at a certain substitution level.

Ulinastatin combined with glutamine improves liver function and inflammatory response in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To explore whether ulinastatin combined with glutamine (Gln) can improve the liver function and inflammation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Methods: Altogether 78 patients with SAP treated in Tangshan Workers' Hospital were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the control group (CG, n=35, conventional treatment plus ulinastatin) and the research group (RG, n=43, additional Gln on the basis of treatment in the CG) according to the treatment regimen. The improvement of clinical symptoms after treatment was observed in both groups.