Marine sources of formaldehyde in the coastal atmosphere.

Elevated concentrations of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are frequently observed in the marine atmosphere but are often significantly underestimated by atmospheric models. To evaluate the potential impact of marine sources on atmospheric formaldehyde, high-resolution measurements were conducted at a coastal site (∼15 m from the sea) during the summer in Qingdao, China. Observed formaldehyde levels averaged 2.

Hybridoma-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo.

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a major therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide has increased the urgency for the development of new mAbs. In this study, we immunized mice with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototypic strain (WIV04) and screened 35 RBD-specific mAbs using hybridoma technology.

Coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis for elevated acetate production: Experimental and mathematical approaches.

Homoacetogenesis is an important potential hydrogen sink in acetogenesis, in which hydrogen is used to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate. So far the acetate production from homoacetogenesis, especially its kinetics, has not been given sufficient attention. In this work, enhanced production of acetate from anaerobic conversion of glucose through coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis is investigated with both experimental and mathematical approaches.

[Acetate production by acidification-homoacetogenesis two-phase coupling process: effect of initial pH].

The effect of initial pH values on acetate production was studied in the acidification-homoacetogenesis two-phase coupling system using glucose as the substrate and the heat-treated and activated anaerobic sludge as the inoculum. Substrate degradation, product yield and pH variation during fermentation were examined at various initial pH values (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). The results show that initial pH values affect volatile fatty acids and ethanol production not only in the acidification phase itself but also in the homoacetogenesis phase.

Acetate yield increased by gas circulation and fed-batch fermentation in a novel syntrophic acetogenesis and homoacetogenesis coupling system.

Gas circulation and fed-batch fermentation were applied for enhancing acetate production by mixed culture in a novel syntrophic acetogenesis and homoacetogenesis coupling system. The results show that the acetate yield in the fed-batch test with gas circulation is about 47% higher than that in the batch test without gas circulation. The fed-batch method helps to increase acetate yield by balancing hydrogen production in the acetogenesis phase (the 1st phase) and hydrogen consumption in the homoacetogenesis phase (the 2nd phase) of the coupling system.