A PD-L1 targeting nanotheranostic for effective photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal-immunotherapy of tumor.

Tumor immunotherapy has been partly effective for specific cancers. However, problems such as low immune response, limited antitumor effectiveness, and high antibody costs still persist. Synergistic therapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibition in conjunction with photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging, are expected to provide approaches for more precise and efficient immunotherapy of tumors.

Single-cell spatial transcriptome reveals cell-type organization in the macaque cortex.

Elucidating the cellular organization of the cerebral cortex is critical for understanding brain structure and function. Using large-scale single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of 143 macaque cortical regions, we obtained a comprehensive atlas of 264 transcriptome-defined cortical cell types and mapped their spatial distribution across the entire cortex. We characterized the cortical layer and region preferences of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types, as well as regional differences in cell-type composition and neighborhood complexity.

Hsp90 S-nitrosylation at Cys521, as a conformational switch, modulates cycling of Hsp90-AHA1-CDC37 chaperone machine to aggravate atherosclerosis.

Endothelial dysfunction is the initial process of atherosclerosis. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), as a molecular chaperone, plays a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Hsp90 function is regulated by S-nitrosylation (SNO).

Effects of glucocorticoids on the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The study was designed to explore the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on the levels of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Clinical information of 100 patients with RA who were admitted to our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. Patients receiving routine treatment were classified as the control group (n = 50) and those receiving glucocorticoid therapy based on routine treatment were classified as the observation group (n = 50).

FGF13 Is Required for Histamine-Induced Itch Sensation by Interaction with Na1.7.

Itch can be induced by activation of small-diameter DRG neurons, which express abundant intracellular fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13). Although FGF13 is revealed to be essential for heat nociception, its role in mediating itch remains to be investigated. Here, we reported that loss of FGF13 in mouse DRG neurons impaired the histamine-induced scratching behavior.

Design of Readout Circuit with Quadrature Error and Auxiliary PLL for MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope.

Traditional MEMS gyroscope readout eliminates quadrature error and relies on the phase relationship between the drive displacement and the Coriolis position to accomplish a coherent demodulation. This scheme shows some risk, especially for a mode-matching gyro. If only a slight resonant frequency deviation between the drive and sense mode occurs, a dramatic change in the phase relationship follows, which leads to a wrong demodulation.

FGF13 Selectively Regulates Heat Nociception by Interacting with Na1.7.

The current knowledge about heat nociception is mainly confined to the thermosensors, including the transient receptor potential cation channel V1 expressed in the nociceptive neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG). However, the loss of thermosensors only partially impairs heat nociception, suggesting the existence of undiscovered mechanisms. We found that the loss of an intracellular fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGF13, in the mouse DRG neurons selectively abolished heat nociception.

Somatosensory neuron types identified by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional heterogeneity.

Sensory neurons are distinguished by distinct signaling networks and receptive characteristics. Thus, sensory neuron types can be defined by linking transcriptome-based neuron typing with the sensory phenotypes. Here we classify somatosensory neurons of the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by high-coverage single-cell RNA-sequencing (10 950 ± 1 218 genes per neuron) and neuron size-based hierarchical clustering.

Fibroblast growth factor 7 is a nociceptive modulator secreted via large dense-core vesicles.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7, a member of FGF family, is initially found to be secreted from mesenchymal cells to repair epithelial tissues. However, its functions in the nervous system are largely unknown. The present study showed that FGF7 was a neuromodulator localized in the large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) in nociceptive neurons.

[Neurotrophins up-express in peripheral blood of allergic rhinitis patients and related to Th2 hypothesis].

Objective: To detect the expression of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). And to analyze the correlation between NGF, BDNF, NT-3 mRNA expression and the epidsode of rhinitis through Th-2 Hypothesis.

Method: This study was a group controlled trial.

[Increase expression of neurotrophins mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To assess the expression of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Meanwhile, to analysis whether the expression of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 mRNA correlate with the severity of rhinitis.

Method: This study is a group controlled trial, which takes the healthy adults as control group.

Activin C expressed in nociceptive afferent neurons is required for suppressing inflammatory pain.

Emerging evidence suggests that the suppressive modulators released from nociceptive afferent neurons contribute to pain regulation. However, the suppressive modulators expressed in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglion remain to be further identified. The present study shows that the activin C expressed in small dorsal root ganglion neurons is required for suppressing inflammation-induced nociceptive responses.

Follistatin-like 1 suppresses sensory afferent transmission by activating Na+,K+-ATPase.

Excitatory synaptic transmission is modulated by inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. We found that the synaptic transmission of somatic sensory afferents can be rapidly regulated by a presynaptically secreted protein, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), which serves as a direct activator of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (NKA). The FSTL1 protein is highly expressed in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

Potentiation of excitatory transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of rat spinal cord by inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha.

Background: It has been shown that estrogen is synthesized in the spinal dorsal horn and plays a role in modulating pain transmission. One of the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), is expressed in the spinal laminae I-V, including substantia gelatinosa (SG, lamina II). However, it is unclear how ERs are involved in the modulation of nociceptive transmission.

Coexpression of delta- and mu-opioid receptors in nociceptive sensory neurons.

Morphine-induced analgesia and antinociceptive tolerance are known to be modulated by interaction between delta-opioid receptors (DORs) and mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in the pain pathway. However, evidence for expression of DORs in nociceptive small-diameter neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and for coexistence of DORs with MORs and neuropeptides has recently been challenged. We now report, using in situ hybridization, single-cell PCR, and immunostaining, that DORs are widely expressed not only in large DRG neurons but in small ones and coexist with MORs in peptidergic small DRG neurons, with protachykinin-dependent localization in large dense-core vesicles.

Inhibitory effect of leptin on growth hormone secretion of GH3 cells: involvement of cell proliferation, apoptosis and intracellular free Ca2+.

Recent studies have identified leptin and leptin receptors in the pituitary of different species, which suggest that there may be endocrine and paracrine regulatory roles between leptin-producing cells and cells with leptin receptor in pituitary, including growth and secretion of GH cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leptin on growth hormone (GH) secretion of GH3 cell. GH3 cells were cultured and treated with leptin.

Myelin-basic protein-reactive specific CD4+ and CD8+ NK lymphocytes induce morphological changes in neuronal cell bodies and myelin sheaths: implications for multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by loss of myelin. However, data indicate that autoimmune cells could directly impair neuronal cell bodies and myelin sheath is lacking. The aim of the present study was to determine morphological evidence of the direct impairment of neurons by autoreactive lymphocytes and to further identify the subtypes of these lymphocytes.

[Effect of leptin on growth hormone secretion and apoptosis of GH3 cells].

In order to investigate the effect of leptin on the secretion of rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell and its mechanisms, we observed the effect of leptin on the growth hormone secretion, proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 cells. The results indicated that leptin at 1, 10, and 100 nmol/L could inhibit the basal growth hormone secretion of GH3 cells in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05).

[Three subtypes expressions of leptin receptor in the rat anterior pituitary and influence of leptin on intracellular free Ca2+ of the rat growth hormone cell].

Aim: To observe the expression of Leptin receptors (OB-R) in male rat anterior pituitary, and study the influence of Leptin on the level of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the cultured growth hormone (GH) cell of male rat pituitary.

Methods: RT-PCR method was used to observe the expression of Leptin receptors (OB-R) in male rat anterior pituitary. We used grade centrifuging method to get growth hormone (GH) cell, and [Ca2+]i in GH cell was examined by laser scanning confocal system.

[Enhancement effect of IL-2 on the proliferation of cultured mammary carcinoma cell line Bcap-37].

Aim: To investigate the effects of IL-2 on the proliferation of human mammary carcinoma cell line Bcap-37 and explore its possible mechanism.

Methods: Enhancement effect of IL-2 on proliferation of cultured Bcap-37 cells, the IL-2 expression on the cells, the expressions of IL-2Ralpha, beta, gamma mRNAs in the cells, the effect of IL-2 on DNA content at various periods of cell cycle and on Ca(2+) concentration in the cells were detected or observed by MTT colorimetry, immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscope, respectively.

Results: IL-2 of 1x10(5) to 1x10(6) U/L significantly stimulated the proliferation of cultured Bcap-37 cells.

Estrogen influences the differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Aim: To examine if estrogen can affect the immune response at the dendritic cells (DCs) level in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods: Lewis rats were immunized with inoculum containing MBP(68-86). DCs were derived from spleen monocytes of EAE rats with IL-4 and GM-CSF in presence of 17 beta-estradiol (E2).