Mechanistic study of Nidus Vespae inhibiting gastric cancer in vitro through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Nidus Vespae, an animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine, has a long-standing history in treating inflammatory conditions and tumor-related diseases. Notably, Nidus Vespae decoction (NVD) has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy and mechanisms by which NVD exerts its therapeutic effects on gastric cancer.

Development and Application of Colloidal Gold Test Strips for the Rapid Detection of Canine Brucellosis.

Brucellosis is a global problem, with the causative agent being the genus . can cause undulant fever in dogs, which is a zoonotic disease that can spread not only among dogs but also to humans. This poses a public health threat to society.

Genetic distribution, characterization, and function of type III secretion system 2 (ETT2).

Many Gram-negative bacteria use type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins and subvert host signaling pathways, facilitating the growth, survival, and virulence. Notably, some bacteria harbor multiple distinct T3SSs with different functions. An extraordinary T3SS, the Type III Secretion System 2 (ETT2), is widespread among () strains.

The and Double-Gene Mutant Strain Has Potential to Be a Live Attenuated Vaccine against Typhimurium.

Typhimurium ( Typhimurium) is a zoonotic pathogen posing a threat to animal husbandry and public health. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, alternative prevention and control strategies are needed. Live attenuated vaccines are an ideal option that provide protection against an Typhimurium pandemic.

The functions of EF-hand proteins from host and zoonotic pathogens.

EF-hand proteins not only regulate biological processes, but also influence immunity and infection. In this review, we summarize EF-hand proteins' functions in host and zoonotic pathogens, with details in structures, Ca affinity, downstream targets and functional mechanisms. Studies entitled as EF-hand-related but with less solid features were also discussed.

A lytic phage to control multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic (APEC) infection.

The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Bacteriophages (phages) have gained renewed attention as promising alternatives or supplements to antibiotics. In this study, a lytic avian pathogenic (APEC) phage designated as PEC9 was isolated and purified from chicken farm feces samples.

Association between serum levels of 12 different cytokines and short-term efficacy of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. The benefits of targeted anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy have not yet been characterized. The tumor microenvironment and circulating factors have garnered interest as possible predictors of response and prognosis.

A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium-Host Interaction.

As a major effector of the ESX-1 secretion system, EsxA is essential for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria, such as (Mtb) and (Mm). EsxA possesses an acidic pH-dependent membrane permeabilizing activity and plays an essential role by mediating mycobacterial escape from the phagosome and translocation to the cytosol for intracellular replication. Moreover, EsxA regulates host immune responses as a potent T-cell antigen and a strong immunoregulator.

Preliminary Study on the Antitumor Effects of on Gastric Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of on gastric cancer and its ability to promote immune function.

Methods: Cell viability was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry.

Post-translational knockdown and post-secretional modification of EsxA determine contribution of EsxA membrane permeabilizing activity for mycobacterial intracellular survival.

Current genetic studies (e.g. gene knockout) have suggested that EsxA and EsxB function as secreted virulence factors that are essential for (Mtb) intracellular survival, specifically in mediating phagosome rupture and translocation of Mtb to the cytosol of host cells, which further facilitates Mtb intracellular replicating and cell-to-cell spreading.

The ESX-1 Virulence Factors Downregulate miR-147-3p in Mycobacterium marinum-Infected Macrophages.

As important virulence factors of , EsxA and EsxB not only play a role in phagosome rupture and cytosolic translocation but also function as modulators of host immune responses by modulating numerous microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, we have found that mycobacterial infection downregulated miR-148a-3p (now termed miR-148) in macrophages in an ESX-1-dependent manner. The upregulation of miR-148 reduced mycobacterial intracellular survival.

Morphology-based classification of mycobacteria-infected macrophages with convolutional neural network: reveal EsxA-induced morphologic changes indistinguishable by naked eyes.

EsxA is an essential virulence factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis as well as an important biomarker for Mtb detection. In this study, we use light microscopy and deep learning-based image analysis to classify the morphologic changes of macrophages infected by Mycobacterium marinum (Mm), a surrogate model for Mtb. Macrophages were infected either with the mCherry-expressing Mm wild type strain (Mm(WT)), or a mutant strain with deletion of the esxA-esxB operon (Mm(ΔEsxA:B)).

Brucella infection regulates peroxiredoxin-5 protein expression to facilitate intracellular survival by reducing the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species.

Peroxiredoxin-5 (Prdx5) is a multifunctional protein involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. However, how Prdx5 functions during microbial infections is rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate that Brucella infection increased Prdx5 expression to promote its intracellular growth in macrophages.

Mycobacterium marinum down-regulates miR-148a in macrophages in an EsxA-dependent manner.

As a key virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, EsxA is not only involved in phagosome rupture, but also functions in stimulation of immune responses in macrophages. Here, we report thatmiR-148a is down-regulated in the macrophages infected with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). Using the knockout strain Mm∆EsxA/B, recombinant EsxA, EsxB and EsxA/B heterodimer proteins, we provide evidence that down-regulation of miR-148ais dependent on EsxA, and up-regulation of miR-148a reduces Mm intracellular survival.

Identification of novel genes essential for Brucella abortus to establish infection by signature-tagged mutagenesis.

Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacterium, causing brucellosis, an important zoonosis worldwide. Brucella has no classic virulence factors, thus virulence is dependent on invasion of host cells and subsequent intracellular replication. Identification of key genes involved in Brucella virulence is important to further elucidate its pathogenesis.

Identification of a novel, small, conserved hypothetical protein involved in Brucella abortus virulence by modifying the expression of multiple genes.

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease worldwide, caused by Brucella spp., which are facultative intracellular bacteria with no classic virulence factors, as virulence is dependent on the ability to invade and replicate within host cells. In this study, we identified a novel gene bab_RS22045 that encodes a small highly conserved protein in Rhizobiales.

The putative amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein AapJ2 is necessary for Brucella virulence at the early stage of infection in a mouse model.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella spp. The virulence of these bacteria is dependent on their ability to invade and replicate within host cells. In a previous study, a putative gene bab_RS27735 encoding an amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein homologous to AapJ protein was found to be involved in Brucella abortus virulence.

Rough Mutant Induce Macrophage Death via Activating IRE1α Pathway of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Enhanced T4SS Secretion.

is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the worldwide zoonosis, known as brucellosis. virulence relies mostly on its ability to invade and replicate within phagocytic cells. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) and lipopolysaccharide are two major virulence factors.

Characterization of Brucella abortus mutant strain Δ22915, a potential vaccine candidate.

Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is an important zoonosis worldwide. Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developing countries and in wildlife in developed countries.

Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

The identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide important prognostic information in several types of solid tumors, including gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CTC count may be used to predict survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with chemotherapy. The CELLection™ Epithelial Enrich kit was used to isolate and purify CTCs from samples of peripheral blood.

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse.

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence.