Towards Achieving Sustainable Development: Role of Technology Innovation, Technology Adoption and CO Emission for BRICS.

In the digital era, technology innovation and adoption trigger economic growth and enhance CO emissions through productivity, which places it in the mainstream policy debate. For BRICS economies, this paper uses the first method proposed in the literature to quantify their information and communication technology (ICT) and innovatively links each country to their information technology adoption rate, as a surrogate indicator for measuring information and communication technology. Environmental Kuznets curve evidence is also examined, using technology innovation, technology adoption, and trade openness as the control variables for sustainable development.