Integrative Network-based Analysis of Colonic Detoxification Gene Expression in Ulcerative Colitis According to Smoking Status.

Backgrounds And Aims: The effect of cigarette smoking [CS] is ambivalent since smoking improves ulcerative colitis [UC] while it worsens Crohn's disease [CD]. Although this clinical relationship between inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and tobacco is well established, only a few experimental works have investigated the effect of smoking on the colonic barrier homeostasis focusing on xenobiotic detoxification genes.

Methods: A comprehensive and integrated comparative analysis of the global xenobiotic detoxification capacity of the normal colonic mucosa of healthy smokers [n = 8] and non-smokers [n = 9] versus the non-affected colonic mucosa of UC patients [n = 19] was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT PCR].

Integration of tumour and viral genomic characterizations in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinomas.

Background And Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer. We characterised HCC associated with infection compared with non-HBV-related HCC to understand interactions between viral and hepatocyte genomic alterations and their relationships with clinical features.

Methods: Frozen HBV (n=86) or non-HBV-related (n=90) HCC were collected in two French surgical departments.

Combined NADPH oxidase 1 and interleukin 10 deficiency induces chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and causes ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the rectum which progressively extents. Its etiology remains unknown and the number of treatments available is limited. Studies of UC patients have identified an unbalanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa.

A functional screening identifies five microRNAs controlling glypican-3: role of miR-1271 down-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major primary liver cancer. Glypican-3 (GPC3), one of the most abnormally expressed genes in HCC, participates in liver carcinogenesis. Based on data showing that GPC3 expression is posttranscriptionally altered in HCC cells compared to primary hepatocytes, we investigated the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in GPC3 overexpression and HCC.

Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. Here, we performed high-resolution copy-number analysis on 125 HCC tumors and whole-exome sequencing on 24 of these tumors. We identified 135 homozygous deletions and 994 somatic mutations of genes with predicted functional consequences.

Effect of engineered nanoparticles on vasomotor responses in rat intrapulmonary artery.

Pulmonary circulation could be one of the primary vascular targets of finest particles that can deeply penetrate into the lungs after inhalation. We investigated the effects of engineered nanoparticles on vasomotor responses of small intrapulmonary arteries using isometric tension measurements. Acute in vitro exposure to carbon nanoparticles (CNP) decreased, and in some case abolished, the vasomotor responses induced by several vasoactive agents, whereas acute exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NP) did not.

Identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging, both because of the tumor complexity and the difficulty in integrating the very large amount of data provided by different approaches. The authors consider it very important to identify new pathways of carcinogenesis and to understand the mechanisms underlying their alteration in tumors to design personalized treatments for HCC. In this review, the main global genomic approaches are considered in detail.

[miRNAs in cancer: the case of liver tumors].

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Many studies show that they are implicated in essential physiological functions and particularly in tumors. Specific alterations of miRNA expression have been identified directly involved in carcinogenesis.

Impairment of NO-dependent relaxation in intralobar pulmonary arteries: comparison of urban particulate matter and manufactured nanoparticles.

Background And Objectives: Because pulmonary circulation is the primary vascular target of inhaled particulate matter (PM), and nitric oxide is a major vasculoprotective agent, in this study we investigated the effect of various particles on the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in pulmonary arteries.

Methods: We used intrapulmonary arteries and/or endothelial cells, either exposed in vitro to particles or removed from PM-instilled animals for assessment of vasomotricity, cGMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cytokine/chemokine release.

Results: Endothelial NO-dependent relaxation and cGMP accumulation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) were both decreased after 24 hr exposure of rat intrapulmonary arteries to standard reference material 1648 (SRM1648; urban PM).

MicroRNA profiling in hepatocellular tumors is associated with clinical features and oncogene/tumor suppressor gene mutations.

Unlabelled: Molecular classifications defining new tumor subtypes have been recently refined with genetic and transcriptomic analyses of benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors. Here, we performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling in two series of fully annotated liver tumors to uncover associations between oncogene/tumor suppressor mutations and clinical and pathological features. Expression levels of 250 miRNAs in 46 benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors were compared to those of 4 normal liver samples with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.