Improved characterization of the insulin secretory granule proteomes.

Insulin secretory granules (ISGs) are pivotal organelles of pancreatic ß-cells and represent a key participant to glucose homeostasis. Indeed, insulin is packed and processed within these vesicles before its release by exocytosis. It is therefore crucial to acquire qualitative and quantitative data on the ISG proteome, in order to increase our knowledge on ISG biogenesis, maturation and exocytosis.

Modulation of neuronal pentraxin 1 expression in rat pancreatic β-cells submitted to chronic glucotoxic stress.

Insulin secretory granules are β-cell vesicles dedicated to insulin processing, storage, and release. The secretion of insulin secretory granule content in response to an acute increase of glucose concentration is a highly regulated process allowing normal glycemic homeostasis. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia.

Early activation of the fatty acid metabolism pathway by chronic high glucose exposure in rat insulin secretory beta-cells.

Pancreatic beta-cells are responsible for insulin secretion that regulates blood glucose homeostasis. In the development of type II diabetes, a progressive impairment of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cells occurs called beta-cell dysfunction or beta-cell failure. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown being involved in beta-cell dysfunction, a phenomenon known as glucotoxicity.

Proteomics of regulated secretory organelles.

Regulated secretory organelles are important subcellular structures of living cells that allow the release in the extracellular space of crucial compounds, such as hormones and neurotransmitters. Therefore, the regulation of biogenesis, trafficking, and exocytosis of regulated secretory organelles has been intensively studied during the last 30 years. However, due to the large number of different regulated secretory organelles, only a few of them have been specifically characterized.

Glucotoxicity and pancreatic proteomics.

Chronic hyperglycaemia is one of the main characteristics of a diabetic state. This is also the first cause of diabetic complications. However, it is now generally accepted that glucotoxicity also participates in the worsening of type 2 diabetes, by affecting the secretion of beta-cells.

Proteomics analysis of insulin secretory granules.

Insulin secretory granules (ISGs) are cytoplasmic organelles of pancreatic beta-cells. They are responsible for the storage and secretion of insulin. To date, only about 30 different proteins have been clearly described to be associated with these organelles.