A life cycle assessment of cardboard waste in low stress grade concrete applications.

Utilising cardboard waste for the partial substitution of cement within concrete has the potential to yield significant sustainability benefits. Cardboard waste is abundantly available, and a significant proportion of this material is disposed of in landfill. However, conversion of waste cardboard into kraft fibres (KFs) for concrete implementation can be utilised in the building and construction industry.

Thermal Characterizations of Waste Cardboard Kraft Fibres in the Context of Their Use as a Partial Cement Substitute within Concrete Composites.

The building and construction industry consumes a significant amount of virgin resources and minimizing the demand with alternative waste materials can provide a contemporary solution. In this study, thermal components of kraft fibres (KFs) derived from waste cardboard are investigated. The mechanical properties containing KFs within concrete composites are evaluated.