Biosynthesis of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide from glucose via a new pathway in .

Introduction: β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an essential precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and plays a key role in supplying NAD and maintaining its levels. Existing methods for NMN production have some limitations, including low substrate availability, complex synthetic routes, and low synthetic efficiency, which result in low titers and high costs.

Methods: We constructed high-titer, genetically engineered strains that produce NMN through a new pathway.

Engineering Cyanobacterial Cell Factories for Photosynthetic Production of Fructose.

Fructose is an important monosaccharide product widely applied in the food, medicine, and chemical industries. Currently, fructose is mainly manufactured with plant biomass-sourced polysaccharides through multiple steps of digestion, conversion, separation, and purification. The development of cyanobacterial metabolic engineering provides an attractive alternative route for the one-step direct production of fructose utilizing carbon dioxide and solar energy.

Face Blindness in Children and Current Interventions.

Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. This paper reviews existing research on interventions for children with prosopagnosia, including compensatory and remedial strategies, and provides a summary and comparison of their effectiveness. However, despite the availability of these interventions, their effectiveness remains limited and constrained by various factors.

Unlocking the potentials of cyanobacterial photosynthesis for directly converting carbon dioxide into glucose.

Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, serving as an essential energy source for cells in all domains of life and as an important feedstock for the biorefinery industry. The plant-biomass-sugar route dominates the current glucose supply, while the direct conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose through photosynthesis is not well studied. Here, we show that the potential of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for photosynthetic glucose production can be unlocked by preventing native glucokinase activity.

Engineering cyanobacteria for converting carbon dioxide into isomaltulose.

Isomaltulose is a promising functional sweetener with broad application prospects in the food industry. Currently, isomaltulose is mainly produced through bioconversion processes based on the isomerization of sucrose, the economic feasibility of which is influenced by the cost of sucrose feedstocks, the biocatalyst preparation, and product purification. Cyanobacterial photosynthetic production utilizing solar energy and carbon dioxide represents a promising route for the supply of sugar products, which can promote both carbon reduction and green production.

Manipulating the Expression of Glycogen Phosphorylase in PCC 7942 to Mobilize Glycogen Storage for Sucrose Synthesis.

Cyanobacteria are a promising photosynthetic chassis to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and pharmaceuticals at the expense of CO and light energy. Glycogen accumulation represents a universal carbon sink mechanism among cyanobacteria, storing excess carbon and energy from photosynthesis and may compete with product synthesis. Therefore, the glycogen synthesis pathway is often targeted to increase cyanobacterial production of desired carbon-based products.

Synergistic Effect Between Full-Term Pregnancy/Breastfeeding And Familial Susceptibility On Breast Cancer Risk.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and reproductive factors and family history of malignancy are considered as high risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of reproductive factors and family history on breast cancer.

Method: A total of 1215 breast cancer patients and 1215 control participants from two medical centers were enrolled, and reproductive factor history and family cancer history information was collected.

Induced Expression of VEGFC, ANGPT, and EFNB2 and Their Receptors Characterizes Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate whole transcriptional differences between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) neovascular membranes (NVMs) and retinas, and the regulatory genes participating in retinal neovascularization in PDR.

Methods: We used high-throughput sequencing technology to capture the whole-genome gene expression levels of all participants, including 23 patients with PDR or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), 3 normal retinal samples, and 2 retinal samples from type II diabetic (T2D) eyes by donation, followed by analyses of expression patterns using bioinformatics methods, then validation of the data by in situ hybridization and Western blotting.

Results: We showed that transcriptional profiles of the NVMs were distinct from those of the retinas.

Near-infrared conjugated polymers for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal/chemo combination therapy.

Conjugated polymers (CPs) with intensive near-infrared (NIR) absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) have emerged as a new generation of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agents for cancer therapy. PTT + chemotherapy has been identified as a powerful modality to offer synergistic effects in the destruction and monitoring of cancer tissues. In this study, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers (DPP) were designed through a combination of donor-acceptor moieties.

Ginkgolide A Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo.

Ginkgolide A (GA) is a natural compound isolated from and has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the anti-inflammatory effects of GA. In particular, no related reports have been published in a common inflammation model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of GA have not been fully elucidated.