SGLT1 inhibition alleviates radiation-induced intestinal damage through promoting mitochondrial homeostasis.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) constitutes a challenge in radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA and mitochondrial damage by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is abundant in the gastrointestinal tract and the protective effects of inhibited SGLT1 in kidney and cardiovascular disease have been widely reported.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Travoprost Intracameral Implant Based on Pooled Analyses from Two Phase III Trials.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct and interpret a pooled 12-month analysis of two prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-masked, controlled trials designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the travoprost intracameral implant (slow-eluting [SE] implant in development as a new therapeutic and fast-eluting [FE] implant included for masking purposes) in subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).

Methods: Subjects with OAG or OHT, on 0-3 intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications, baseline unmedicated mean diurnal IOP of ≥ 21 mmHg, and IOP ≤ 36 mmHg at each baseline diurnal timepoint, received either a travoprost implant and twice-daily (BID) placebo eye drops or BID timolol 0.5% eye drops and a sham procedure.

Radiation-induced YAP/TEAD4 binding confers non-small cell lung cancer radioresistance via promoting NRP1 transcription.

Despite the importance of radiation therapy as a non-surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiation resistance has always been a concern, due to poor patient response and prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to uncover novel targets to enhance radiotherapy and investigate the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that NRP1 was connected to radiation resistance in NSCLC cells.

Development of a Framework for Establishing 'Gold Standard' Outbreak Data from Submitted SARS-CoV-2 Genome Samples.

Submitted genomic data for respiratory viruses reflect the emergence and spread of new variants. Although delays in submission limit the utility of these data for prospective surveillance, they may be useful for evaluating other surveillance sources. However, few studies have investigated the use of these data for evaluating aberration detection in surveillance systems.

Research Progress on CARM1 and its Relationship with Colorectal Cancer.

Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is significant as a key member of the PRMT family, crucial for regulating arginine methylation, and its association with colorectal cancer underscores its potential as a therapeutic target. Consequently, CARM1 inhibitors have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in cancer treatment and valuable chemical tools for cancer research. Despite steady progress in CARM1 inhibitor research, challenges persist in discovering effective, isoform-selective, cell-permeable, and in vivo-active CARM1 inhibitors for colorectal cancer.

GATA3 Exerts Distinct Transcriptional Functions to Regulate Radiation Resistance in A549 and H1299 Cells.

Background: Radiation resistance of lung cancer cells is a vital factor affecting the curative effect of lung cancer. Transcription factor GATA3 is involved in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and is significantly expressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanism governing GATA3 regulation in lung cancer cells' radiation resistance is unknown.

BioCaster in 2021: automatic disease outbreaks detection from global news media.

Summary: BioCaster was launched in 2008 to provide an ontology-based text mining system for early disease detection from open news sources. Following a 6-year break, we have re-launched the system in 2021. Our goal is to systematically upgrade the methodology using state-of-the-art neural network language models, whilst retaining the original benefits that the system provided in terms of logical reasoning and automated early detection of infectious disease outbreaks.

A Conceptual Framework for Representing Events Under Public Health Surveillance.

Information integration across multiple event-based surveillance (EBS) systems has been shown to improve global disease surveillance in experimental settings. In practice, however, integration does not occur due to the lack of a common conceptual framework for encoding data within EBS systems. We aim to address this gap by proposing a candidate conceptual framework for representing events and related concepts in the domain of public health surveillance.

KLK5 is associated with the radioresistance, aggression, and progression of cervical cancer.

Objective: The role of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) has been studied in several diseases, including skin and ovarian cancers. However, its role in cervical cancer remains unclear, particularly in regulating the radiation resistance and growth of cervical cancer cells. Radiation resistance of cervical cancer is associated with local recurrence, distant metastasis, and reduced survival.

Matrix stiffness regulates macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the pathological basis of many fatal cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages, the main inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque, have a paradox role in disease progression. In response to different microenvironments, macrophages mainly have two polarized directions: pro-inflammatory macrophages and anti-inflammatory macrophages.

Analysis of risk factors for mental health problems of inpatients with chronic liver disease and nursing strategies: A single center descriptive study.

The number of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is large. The social and economic burdens due to CLD have increased. The mental health problems of patients with CLD are prominent and deserve our attention and care.

Monitoring non-pharmaceutical public health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Measuring and monitoring non-pharmaceutical interventions is important yet challenging due to the need to clearly define and encode non-pharmaceutical interventions, to collect geographically and socially representative data, and to accurately document the timing at which interventions are initiated and changed. These challenges highlight the importance of integrating and triangulating across multiple databases and the need to expand and fund the mandate for public health organizations to track interventions systematically.

Dual Characters of GH-IGF1 Signaling Pathways in Radiotherapy and Post-radiotherapy Repair of Cancers.

Radiotherapy remains one of the most important cancer treatment modalities. In the course of radiotherapy for tumor treatment, the incidental irradiation of adjacent tissues could not be completely avoided. DNA damage is one of the main factors of cell death caused by ionizing radiation, including single-strand (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs).

Erratum: MicroRNA-26b suppresses autophagy in breast cancer cells by targeting DRAM1 mRNA, and is downregulated by irradiation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.

The role of case importation in explaining differences in early SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Canada-A mathematical modeling study of surveillance data.

Objective: The North American coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic exhibited distinct early trajectories. In Canada, Quebec had the highest COVID-19 burden and its earlier March school break, taking place two weeks before those in other provinces, could have shaped early transmission dynamics.

Methods: We combined a semi-mechanistic model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with detailed surveillance data from Quebec and Ontario (initially accounting for 85% of Canadian cases) to explore the impact of case importation and timing of control measures on cumulative hospitalizations.

NRP1 regulates radiation-induced EMT via TGF-β/Smad signaling in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Purpose: Radiation has been shown to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, and TGF-β/Smad and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways play an important role in the EMT. In this study, we investigated the effects of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) on radiation-induced TGF-β/Smad and non-classical Smad signaling pathways in lung cancer cells, as well as the effects of NRP1 on invasion and migration.

Materials And Methods: Changes in the expression levels of EMT markers (β-catenin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) and related transcription factors (Twist and ZEB1) in stably transfected cells were detected by Western blotting and qPCR, and changes were assessed by TGF-β/Smad and non-classical Smad signaling.

Substantial increase in detection efficiency for filter array-based spectral sensors.

A method that significantly increases the detection efficiency of filter array-based spectral sensors is proposed. The basic concept involves a wavelength-dependent redistribution of incident light before it reaches the filter elements located in front of the detector. Due to this redistribution, each filter element of the array receives a spatially concentrated amount of a pre-selected and adjusted spectral partition of the entire incident light.

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Neuropilin 1-Induced Radiation Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells.

: Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a pleiotropic receptor which can interact with multiple ligands and their receptors. It plays an important role in the process of axonal growth, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and radiation resistance in endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Interaction of stromal and tumor cells plays a dynamic role in initiating and enhancing carcinogenesis, and has received considerable attention in recent years.

MicroRNA-9 enhanced radiosensitivity and its mechanism of DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer.

In order to improve the therapeutic effect of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is critical to combine radiation and gene therapy. Our study found that the activation of microRNA-9 (miR-9) conferred ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity in cancer cells. Furthermore, increased microRNA-9 promoter methylation level was observed after IR.

MicroRNA-26b suppresses autophagy in breast cancer cells by targeting DRAM1 mRNA, and is downregulated by irradiation.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that do not code for proteins, but instead decrease the stability and suppress the translation of target mRNAs by binding with complementary sequences in their 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). In the present study, it is reported that breast cancer tumor tissue, as well as irradiated MCF7 breast cancer cells, exhibit decreased levels of miR-26b expression compared with normal breast tissue and MCF7 cells without exposure to radiation. Additionally, a luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate that miR-26b directly targetsDNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1).