DART: DEFORMABLE ANATOMY-AWARE REGISTRATION TOOLKIT FOR LUNG CT REGISTRATION WITH KEYPOINTS SUPERVISION.

Spatially aligning two computed tomography (CT) scans of the lung using automated image registration techniques is a challenging task due to the deformable nature of the lung. However, existing deep-learning-based lung CT registration models are not trained with explicit anatomical knowledge. We propose the deformable anatomy-aware registration toolkit (DART), a masked autoencoder (MAE)-based approach, to improve the keypoint-supervised registration of lung CTs.

Using Discrete Event Simulation to Design and Assess an AI-aided Workflow for Same-day Diagnostic Testing of Women Undergoing Breast Screening.

The process of patients waiting for diagnostic examinations after an abnormal screening mammogram is inefficient and anxiety-inducing. Artificial intelligence (AI)-aided interpretation of screening mammography could reduce the number of recalls after screening. We proposed a same-day diagnostic workup to alleviate patient anxiety by employing an AI-aided interpretation to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing after an abnormal screening mammogram.

Factors Associated With Nonadherence to Lung Cancer Screening Across Multiple Screening Time Points.

Importance: Screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) has been shown to reduce mortality from lung cancer in randomized clinical trials in which the rate of adherence to follow-up recommendations was over 90%; however, adherence to Lung Computed Tomography Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS) recommendations has been low in practice. Identifying patients who are at risk of being nonadherent to screening recommendations may enable personalized outreach to improve overall screening adherence.

Objective: To identify factors associated with patient nonadherence to Lung-RADS recommendations across multiple screening time points.

Capturing Demographic, Health-Related, and Psychosocial Variables in a Standardized Manner: Towards Improving Cancer Screening Adherence.

Determining factors influencing patient participation in and adherence to cancer screening recommendations is key to successful cancer screening programs. However, the collection of variables necessary to anticipate patient behavior in cancer screening has not been systematically examined. Using lung cancer screening as a representative example, we conducted an exploratory analysis to characterize the current representations of 18 demographic, health-related, and psychosocial variables collected as part of a conceptual model to understand factors for lung cancer screening participation and adherence.

Turn-on fluorescent capsule for selective fluoride detection and water purification.

It has been a long-standing challenge to develop organic molecular capsules for selective anion binding in water. Here, selective recognition of aqueous fluoride was achieved through triple protonation of a hemicryptophane (), which is composed of a fluorescent cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) cap and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) as the anion binding site. Fluoride encapsulation by [3H-] was evidenced by H NMR, F NMR, LC-MS, and X-ray crystallography.

Counteranions at Peripheral Sites Tune Guest Affinity for a Protonated Hemicryptophane.

The affinity of small molecules for biomolecular cavities is tuned through a combination of primary and secondary interactions. It has been challenging to mimic these features in organic synthetic host molecules, however, where the cavities tend to be highly symmetric and nonpolar, and less amenable to chemical manipulation. Here, a host molecule composed of a TREN ligand and cyclotriveratrylene moiety was investigated.

Patient Adherence to Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System-Recommended Screening Intervals in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lung cancer screening (LCS) is effective in reducing mortality, particularly when patients adhere to follow-up recommendations standardized by the Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS). Nevertheless, patient adherence to recommended intervals varies, potentially diminishing benefit from screening. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient adherence to Lung-RADS-recommended screening intervals.

Monomeric Cryptophane with Record-High Xe Affinity Gives Insights into Aggregation-Dependent Sensing.

Cryptophane host molecules provide ultrasensitive contrast agents for Xe NMR/MRI. To investigate key features of cryptophane-Xe sensing behavior, we designed a novel water-soluble cryptophane with a pendant hydrophobic adamantyl moiety, which has good affinity for a model receptor, beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Adamantyl-functionalized cryptophane-A (AFCA) was synthesized and characterized for Xe affinity, Xe NMR signal, and aggregation state at varying AFCA and β-CD concentrations.

EDICNet: An end-to-end detection and interpretable malignancy classification network for pulmonary nodules in computed tomography.

We present an interpretable end-to-end computer-aided detection and diagnosis tool for pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) using deep learning-based methods. The proposed network consists of a nodule detector and a nodule malignancy classifier. We used RetinaNet to train a nodule detector using 7,607 slices containing 4,234 nodule annotations and validated it using 2,323 slices containing 1,454 nodule annotations drawn from the LIDC-IDRI dataset.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Graphene-Like Carbon from Industrial Dye Wastewater for Use as a High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene-like carbon (N,S-GLC) is successfully prepared in a one-step hydrothermal reaction of glucose with industrial dye wastewater followed by chemical activation. The nitrogen and sulfur are sourced entirely from the industrial wastewater. The process not only provides an alternative way of treating industry wastewater, but also offers a green route for recovering energy from the waste in the form of chemicals.

The Expression of Calprotectin and Factors in TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 Pathway in Patients with Idiopathic Acute Anterior Uveitis.

: The purpose of the article is to investigate the contribution of calprotectin and factors in toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88) pathway in patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (IAAU). : In total, 72 patients with IAAU and 56 healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum calprotectin, TLR-4, and MyD88 were determined.

Dual Functions of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: Anti-Metastasis and Lysosome-Damaged Photodynamic Therapy.

Four phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing benzimidazole moiety have been designed and synthesized. These Ir(III) complexes can effectively inhibit several cancerous processes, including cell migration, invasion, colony formation, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, they show a much higher singlet oxygen quantum yield in an acidic solution than in a neutral solution.

A phosphorescent rhenium(I) histone deacetylase inhibitor: mitochondrial targeting and paraptosis induction.

In this report, we designed a histone deacetylase-targeted phosphorescent Re(I) complex ReLMito. Colocalization studies suggested that ReLMito could specially localize to mitochondria. We also demonstrated that ReLMito could induce paraptosis in cancer cells.

Strong fluorescence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and its oxidized hydrolyzate.

Discovering fluorescence of existing compounds, which are generally regarded as non-fluorescent, is of important academic and technical significance. This article reports the fluorescence of common compounds containing pyrrolidone ring(s) and their oxidized hydrolyzates. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polymerized from a very weak fluorescent monomer N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), exhibits strong intrinsic fluorescence.

Thermal conductivity measurements for small molecule organic solid materials using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and data corrections for sample porosity.

A method for measuring the thermal conductivity (k) of small molecule organic solid materials using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) is demonstrated. Sample preparation required powder consolidation, unavoidably introducing air voids into compacts. Supporting equations for the technique were modified to include a porosity term (epsilon), and the theoretical quadratic relationship between k and epsilon was confirmed by experimental measurements for 18 representative materials.

Informatic calibration of a materials properties database for predictive assessment of mechanically activated disordering potential for small molecule organic solids.

The potential for small molecule organic crystalline materials to become disordered as a result of high shear mechanical processing was investigated. A data-driven model was generated from a database of critical materials properties, which were expected to correlate with the potential of a small molecule organic crystalline solid to become fully disordered by the application of mechanical energy. The model was compared with a previously published disordering model based on fundamental thermodynamic relationships.