Online transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals dynamic interactions between language control and processing in bilingual language production.

Language production in bilinguals relies on the collaborative interaction between two neural systems: the language control system (e.g. the right inferior frontal gyrus) and the language processing system (e.

New sesquiterpenoids from the flowers of (L.) D.Gut.Larr.

Five new sesquiterpenoids, (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )-5,6-dihydroxy-1-acetoxy-10(14)-en-britannilactone (), (4, 5 , 6, 7, 8 )-5,6-dihydroxy-1-acetoxy-10(14)-en-britannilactone (), 6-O-propionyl-britannilactone (), 1-hydroxy-3-acetoxyeudesma-11(13)-en-12,8-olide () and 1,5-dihydroxyeudesma-11(13)-en-12,8-olide (), along with twelve known ones were isolated from the flowers of (L.) D.Gut.

The accumulation of modular serine protease mediated by a novel circRNA sponging miRNA increases Aedes aegypti immunity to fungus.

Background: Mosquitoes transmit many infectious diseases that affect human health. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is a biological pesticide that is pathogenic to mosquitoes but harmless to the environment.

Results: We found a microRNA (miRNA) that can modulate the antifungal immunity of Aedes aegypti by inhibiting its cognate serine protease.

Peptidome analysis reveals critical roles for peptides in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IIRI) has the potential to be life threatening and is associated with significant morbidity and serious damage to distant sites in the body on account of disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. In the present study, we have explored this line of research by comparing and identifying peptides that originated from the intestinal segments of IIRI model rats by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We also analyzed the basic characteristics, cleavage patterns, and functional domains of differentially expressed peptides (DEPs) between the IIRI model rats and control (sham-operated) rats and identified bioactive peptides that are potentially associated with ischemia reperfusion injury.

OTU7B Modulates the Mosquito Immune Response to Beauveria bassiana Infection via Deubiquitination of the Toll Adaptor TRAF4.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito transmits devastating flaviviruses, such as Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. For more effective control of the vector, the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana, a fungus commonly used for biological control of pest insects, may be enhanced based on in-depth knowledge of molecular interactions between the pathogen and its host. Here, we identified a mechanism employed by B.

Sesquiterpene lactone dimers from the fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L.

Seven undescribed sesquiterpene lactone dimers (SLDs) (carpeabrodilactones A-G), one known SLD, and six known sesquiterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L. Carpeabrodilactone A was a dimeric carabrane featuring a rare C-13-C-13' linkage. Carpeabrodilactones B and C are the first two SLDs to be described possessing a carabranolide unit and a guaianolide unit connected by an O-ether linkage.

CLIPB9 activates prophenoloxidase-3 in the presence of CLIPA14 after fungal infection.

Melanization is an integral part of the insect defense system and is often induced by pathogen invasion. Phenoloxidases (POs) are critical enzymes that catalyze melanin formation. PO3 is associated with the antifungal response of the mosquito, , but the molecular mechanism of the prophenoloxidase-3 (PPO3) activation is unclear.

New protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors from fungus F07ZB1707.

Twelve new compounds, aspergorakhins A-L (1-12) coupled with one known xanthone leptosphaerin D (13), were isolated from the extract of soil-derived fungus F07ZB1707. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including UV, IR, NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of 5 and 8-11 were identified using ECD and OR calculations.

Second Language Proficiency Modulates the Dependency of Bilingual Language Control on Domain-General Cognitive Control.

The relationship between bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control has been a hot topic in the research field of bilingualism. Previous studies mostly examined the correlation between performances of bilinguals in language control tasks and that in domain-general cognitive control tasks and came to the conclusions that they overlap, partially overlap, or are qualitatively different. These contradictory conclusions are possibly due to the neglect of the moderating effect of second language (L2) proficiency, that is, the relationship between bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control might vary with the L2 proficiency of bilinguals.

Geochemical provenancing and direct dating of the Harbin archaic human cranium.

As one of the most complete archaic human fossils, the Harbin cranium provides critical evidence for studying the diversification of the genus and the origin of . However, the unsystematic recovery of this cranium and a long and confused history since the discovery impede its accurate dating. Here, we carried out a series of geochemical analyses, including non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), rare earth elements (REE), and the Sr isotopes, to test the reported provenance of the Harbin cranium and get better stratigraphic constraints.

Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage.

It has recently become clear that several human lineages coexisted with during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. Here, we report an archaic human fossil that throws new light on debates concerning the diversification of the genus and the origin of . The fossil was recovered in Harbin city in northeastern China, with a minimum uranium-series age of 146 ka.

Biological and Psychological Perspectives of Resilience: Is It Possible to Improve Stress Resistance?

The term "resilience" refers to the ability to adapt successfully to stress, trauma and adversity, enabling individuals to avoid stress-induced mental disorders such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety. Here, we review evidence from both animal models and humans that is increasingly revealing the neurophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms that underlie stress susceptibility, as well as active mechanisms underlying the resilience phenotype. Ultimately, this growing understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of resilience should result in the development of novel interventions that specifically target neural circuitry and brain areas that enhance resilience and lead to more effective treatments for stress-induced disorders.

Association between different combination of measures for obesity and new-onset gallstone disease.

Background: Body mass index(BMI) is a calculation index of general obesity. Waist circumference(WC) is a measure of body-fat distribution and always used to estimate abdominal obesity. An important trait of general obesity and abdominal obesity is their propensity to coexist.