Publications by authors named "Yann Quide"
Objective: The clinical diversity of schizophrenia is reflected by structural brain variability. It remains unclear how this variability manifests across different gray and white matter features. In this meta- and mega-analysis, the authors investigated how brain heterogeneity in schizophrenia is distributed across multimodal structural indicators.
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- Structural neuroimaging studies reveal both common and disorder-specific gray matter deficits across various psychiatric conditions.
- Large-scale data pooling helps identify potential neuroanatomical factors linked to mental illness vulnerability, although data-sharing faces significant challenges.
- Using a federated analysis across eight research sites, the study found overlapping gray matter patterns in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, suggesting shared cortical and subcortical vulnerabilities.
Article Synopsis
- This study used machine learning to classify subtypes of schizophrenia by analyzing brain images from over 4,000 patients and healthy individuals through international collaboration.* -
- Researchers identified two neurostructural subgroups: one with predominant cortical loss and enlarged striatum, and another with significant subcortical loss in areas like the hippocampus and striatum.* -
- The findings suggest this new imaging-based classification could redefine schizophrenia based on biological similarities, enhancing our understanding and treatment of the disorder.*
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- * Neuroimaging reveals that many of these genetic variants have widespread effects on brain regions and are linked to various cancers and specific signaling pathways, such as p53 and Wnt.
- * The findings suggest a connection between the genes that regulate head size and the likelihood of cancer, emphasizing the need for further research on the implications of this relationship.
Article Synopsis
- Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a key symptom of schizophrenia, but its exact neurobiological causes and correlation with brain volume loss are still unclear, which this study seeks to address using a large cohort of patients and controls.
- The research focuses on differentiating between positive, negative, and total formal thought disorder while investigating brain structural changes and their cellular bases using virtual histology tools.
- Findings reveal distinct neural networks for positive and negative FTD, with negative FTD showing preserved orbitofrontal thickness and both FTD types linked to unique cellular fingerprint patterns, advancing our understanding of the disorder.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of emotion regulation skills-focused (ERSF) interventions to reduce pain intensity and improve psychological outcomes for people with chronic pain and to narratively report on safety and intervention compliance.
Methods: Six databases and four registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 29 April 2022. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.
Article Synopsis
- * This large-scale study analyzed MRI scans from over 2,000 schizophrenia patients and 2,800 healthy controls to assess brain volume and microstructural integrity, using advanced modeling techniques.
- * Results showed that aggressive behavior was significantly associated with reduced cortical and white matter volumes, particularly in key brain areas, suggesting a direct neurological link to aggression in schizophrenia patients.
Article Synopsis
- Schizophrenia is characterized by significant changes in brain structure, but it's not clear if these changes relate to the brain's network organization.
- Researchers analyzed MRI scans from nearly 2,500 people with schizophrenia alongside healthy controls to see how structural changes connect to brain networks.
- The study found that certain regions in the brain that are crucial for connectivity are more affected in schizophrenia, indicating a link between brain network vulnerability and the disease's impact, with some similarities to bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder.
Background: Intrusive traumatic re-experiencing domain (ITRED) was recently introduced as a novel perspective on posttraumatic psychopathology, proposing to focus research of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the unique symptoms of intrusive and involuntary re-experiencing of the trauma, namely, intrusive memories, nightmares, and flashbacks. The aim of the present study was to explore ITRED from a neural network connectivity perspective.
Methods: Data were collected from 9 sites taking part in the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) PTSD Consortium ( 584) and included itemized PTSD symptom scores and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) data.
Despite compelling evidence that brain structure is heritable, the evidence for the heritability of task-evoked brain function is less robust. Findings from previous studies are inconsistent possibly reflecting small samples and methodological variations. In a large national twin sample, we systematically evaluated heritability of task-evoked brain activity derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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- The study explores the lesser-known role of the cerebellum in PTSD by analyzing cerebellar volume differences in a large sample of 4,215 adults, with 1,642 diagnosed with PTSD and 2,573 as healthy controls.
- Using advanced deep-learning techniques, researchers assessed the total cerebellum volume and 28 subregions, revealing significant reductions in both gray and white matter in individuals with PTSD, especially in specific posterior lobe and vermis areas.
- The results suggest that changes in cerebellar structure are linked to cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in PTSD, highlighting the cerebellum's importance beyond its traditional role in motor control.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the structural brain differences in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, focusing on various brain metrics like cortical thickness and subcortical volume using a large international dataset.
- Results show that people with schizophrenia have greater variability in brain structure, particularly in the frontotemporal regions, suggesting distinct subtypes of the disorder may exist.
- The findings highlight the significance of understanding brain structure variability to improve knowledge of schizophrenia and help identify potential biomarkers for the illness.
Machine learning can be used to define subtypes of psychiatric conditions based on shared clinical and biological foundations, presenting a crucial step toward establishing biologically based subtypes of mental disorders. With the goal of identifying subtypes of disease progression in schizophrenia, here we analyzed cross-sectional brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 4,291 individuals with schizophrenia (1,709 females, age=32.5 years±11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex and heterogeneous mental health condition that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Clinical trials have used alternative pharmacological agents to treat PTSD, but their associated neural correlates remain unclear. The present systematic review aims to summarize the changes in brain function associated with the use of these alternative pharmacological agents in PTSD.
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- Schizotypy, which indicates a person's vulnerability to psychosis, is linked to both childhood trauma and structural brain changes.
- A study involving 1182 healthy adults found that interactions between schizotypy levels and childhood trauma exposure affect brain morphology, specifically in regions related to cognitive processing.
- Results suggest that individuals with high levels of both schizotypy and childhood trauma show significant variations in brain regions important for cognition, indicating that trauma may intensify the effects of schizotypy on brain structure.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers utilized various MRI data types to identify brain features that can distinguish PTSD from controls, revealing that classification accuracy decreases significantly when using multi-site data compared to single-site studies.
- * The denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) model showed improved generalization on new datasets, indicating its potential for better classification of PTSD, although overall performance still remained only slightly above chance levels.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigates the connection between formal thought disorder (FTD) symptoms in schizophrenia and brain volume deficiencies, using data from 752 individuals with schizophrenia and 1256 controls.
- The research identifies separate neural networks associated with positive and negative FTD, revealing differences in brain structures affected by each type of symptom.
- Findings show that negative FTD is linked to specific neuronal and astrocyte cell types, while positive FTD is associated with microglial cells, enhancing understanding of the biological mechanisms behind these symptoms.
Article Synopsis
- Carriers of specific genetic variants (1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2) show both regional and global brain structure differences compared to noncarriers, but analyzing these differences can be complicated.
- The study used MRI data from various groups (carriers and noncarriers) to assess how regional brain characteristics diverge from overall brain structure differences.
- Findings revealed that certain brain regions in carriers exhibited distinct patterns of cortical surface area and thickness that deviated from the global average, suggesting more complex effects of these genetic variants on brain development.
Article Synopsis
- Formal thought disorder (FTD) significantly impacts schizophrenia, yet its neurobiological causes, particularly the connection between FTD symptoms and brain volume changes, are largely unexplored.
- This study, involving a large cohort of 752 individuals with schizophrenia and 1256 controls, aims to clarify the neuroanatomical aspects of positive and negative FTD and their cellular foundations using advanced virtual histology techniques.
- Results revealed two distinct neural networks for FTD: one linked to negative symptoms, with preserved orbitofrontal thickness, and another for positive symptoms, affecting lateral temporal areas; each network had unique cellular signatures, highlighting different underlying mechanisms for these psychotic symptoms.
Background: Emotion dysregulation is key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain, feeding into a cycle of worsening pain and disability. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), an evidence-based treatment for complex transdiagnostic conditions presenting with high emotion dysregulation, may be beneficial to manage and mitigate the emotional and sensory aspects of chronic pain. Increasingly, DBT skills training as a key component of standard DBT is being delivered as a stand-alone intervention without concurrent therapy to help develop skills for effective emotion regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Depressive symptoms are often comorbid with chronic pain. These conditions share aberrant emotion processing and regulation, as well as having common brain networks. However, the relationship between depressive symptoms and chronic pain and the effects on emotional brain function are unclear.
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- The study looked at how the brain's left and right sides might differ in people with schizophrenia compared to those without it, using brain scans from over 5,000 patients and 6,000 control subjects.
- Researchers found that people with schizophrenia had slightly thinner areas in the left side of their brains, especially in certain regions, compared to those without the disorder.
- The differences in brain structure might be linked to how schizophrenia affects brain functions, like language, but more research is needed to understand why they happen.
Background And Hypothesis: Mentalizing impairment in schizophrenia has been linked to altered neural responses. This study aimed to replicate previous findings of altered activation of the mentalizing network in schizophrenia and investigate its possible association with impaired domain-general cognition.
Study Design: We analyzed imaging data from two large multi-centric German studies including 64 patients, 64 matched controls and a separate cohort of 300 healthy subjects, as well as an independent Australian study including 46 patients and 61 controls.
Symptom provocation paradigms have been successfully developed to identify the neural correlates associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, especially dissociative behaviours, but have critical limitations. Transiently stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and/or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can enhance the stress response to symptom provocation and would help identify targets for personalised interventions.
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