Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and ventilation-associated outcomes after pediatric tracheostomy.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the time to ventilator liberation and decannulation after tracheostomy placement in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension.

Methods: A prospective cohort study included all children (<18 years old) who underwent tracheostomy between 2015 and 2021 with or without a diagnosis of BPD. The primary outcomes were time to ventilator liberation, tracheostomy decannulation, or death with tracheostomy in place.

Postoperative Respiratory Complications After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With High-Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Identify patient characteristics and polysomnogram (PSG) parameters associated with postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) among children with high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Subglottic Stenosis After Pediatric Tracheostomy.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children after tracheostomy and identify risk factors for development.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: All patients (<18 years) undergoing tracheostomy at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2020 were included.

Evaluation of Pediatric Posterior Glottic Diastasis Using Dynamic Voice Computed Tomography.

Objectives: Posterior glottic diastasis (PGD) is an underappreciated etiology of dysphonia in patients with prior airway reconstruction or prolonged intubation. In endoscopic posterior cricoid reduction (ePCR), cricoid is removed to minimize the posterior glottic gap. Dynamic voice computed tomography (DVCT) permits visualization of the posterior glottis, estimating the amount of cricoid to be removed.

Injection Laryngoplasty for Children with Dysphagia after Cardiac Surgery.

Objective: To determine whether injection laryngoplasty (IL) resolves thin liquid aspiration among children with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) after cardiac surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Tracheal A-frame deformity and suprastomal collapse after pediatric tracheostomy.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of A-frame deformity and suprastomal collapse after pediatric tracheostomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: All patients (<18 years) that had a tracheostomy placed at a tertiary institution between 2015 and 2020 were included.

Economic Evaluation of Pediatric Tracheostomy: A Cost of Illness Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the direct costs of pediatric tracheostomy care within a health care system.

Study Design: Prospective analysis.

Setting: Academic children's hospital.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Long-Term Outcomes After Pediatric Tracheostomy.

Objectives: To determine whether long-term outcomes after pediatric tracheostomy are impacted by neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods: A prospective cohort of children with tracheostomies was followed at an academic pediatric hospital between 2015 and 2020. Patients were grouped into low or high socioeconomic disadvantage using their neighborhood area deprivation index (ADI).

Pediatric tracheostomy audiometric outcomes - A quality improvement initiative.

Objective: Pediatric tracheostomy patients disproportionately experience hearing loss and are at risk for delayed identification due to their medical complexity. Nonetheless, protocols to monitor hearing in these children are lacking. This quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed to increase the rates of audiometric testing within 12 months of pediatric tracheostomy placement.

Assessment of neighborhood-level disadvantage and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea severity.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between neighborhood-level advantage and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 249 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy and had full-night polysomnography conducted within 6 months prior. Patients were divided into more or less socioeconomically disadvantaged groups using a validated measure, the area deprivation index (ADI).

Surgical Outcomes by Early Airway Endoscopy Findings after Pediatric Staged Laryngotracheoplasty.

Objectives: To determine how initial postoperative airway endoscopy findings after stent removal predict successful decannulation in children undergoing double-staged laryngotracheoplasty (dsLTP). Secondary objectives assessed timing of decannulation and number of endoscopic interventions needed after dsLTP.

Methods: A case series with chart review included children who underwent dsLTP at a tertiary children's hospital between 2008 and 2021.

Long-Term Outcomes of Tracheostomy-Dependent Children.

Objective: To estimate the 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival and decannulation rates of children with a tracheostomy.

Study Design: Ambidirectional cohort.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Bronchial Anomalies.

Objectives: Bronchial anomalies are rare but challenging conditions to treat in children, encompassing a variety of structural abnormalities that could compromise airway patency. This includes complete rings, absent cartilage, traumatic avulsions, bronchoesophageal fistulas, and cartilaginous sleeves. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of a series of pediatric cases of bronchial anomalies that were treated by slide tracheobronchoplasty.

Survival After Declining Pediatric Tracheostomy Placement.

Objective: To determine survival among critically ill children when caregivers decline tracheostomy placement.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: All children (<18 years) obtaining a pre-tracheostomy consultation at a tertiary children's hospital between 2016 and 2021 were included.

Estimated Probability Distribution of Bleeding After Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study of US Children.

Importance: The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has recommended yearly surgeon self-monitoring of posttonsillectomy bleeding rates. However, the predicted distribution of rates to guide this monitoring remain unexplored.

Objective: To use a national cohort of children to estimate the probability of bleeding after pediatric tonsillectomy to guide surgeons in self-monitoring of this event.

Revision Endoscopic Posterior Costal Cartilage Grafting: Is It Feasible?

The objective of this work is to examine the feasibility of revision endoscopic posterior costal cartilage graft (EPCCG) placement for posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) and bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI). Revision and primary cases were compared with respect to decannulation rates, and it was hypothesized that there would be no difference in outcomes. Twenty-one patients met inclusion criteria (14 primary, 7 revision).

Estimations of Inpatient and Ambulatory Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of inpatient and ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomies in the United States in 2019.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases.

Pathogenic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage cultures and pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction outcomes.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine if treating pathogenic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures improves outcomes after pediatric double stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (dsLTR).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Caregiver quality of life after pediatric tracheostomy.

Objective: To determine the impact of a child with a tracheostomy on caregiver quality of life.

Methods: A repeated cross-sectional analysis included families with tracheostomy-dependent children between 2019 and 2021. Caregivers were surveyed using the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module with assessments at tracheostomy placement and during ambulatory office visits.

Tinnitus Triggered by a Cerebellopontine Arachnoid Cyst in an Adolescent.

BACKGROUND Tinnitus can be a symptom of a wide range of disorders. The identification and treatment of the underlying condition is essential for management of tinnitus in children. Tinnitus can occur with medical conditions other than sensorineural hearing loss.

Multidisciplinary Pediatric Tracheostomy Teams.

Advances in neonatal and pediatric critical care have resulted in a growing population of medically complex children with a tracheostomy. These children are vulnerable to adverse events from underlying comorbidities, risks of tracheostomy, equipment malfunction, and caregiver inexperience. Multidisciplinary tracheostomy teams have emerged as effective initiatives to address these patient safety concerns.

Surgical site infections after pediatric open airway reconstruction-A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric analysis.

Objectives: To determine the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) after pediatric open airway reconstruction using a nationwide database.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (ACS NSQIP-P) Database.

Methods: The ACS NSQIP-P was queried for open airway surgeries between 2013 and 2019 determining postoperative SSI and wound dehiscence with a random sample of non-airway cases serving as a control group.