Publications by authors named "Yanming Zeng"
Background: The preferred therapeutic regimen for Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) plus azithromycin is the widespread alternative therapeutic regimen. The synergistic sulfonamides tablet contains TMP, sulfadiazine, and SMX and hypothetically could be used for TE treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of synergistic sulfonamides plus clindamycin (regimen B) with TMP-SMX plus azithromycin (regimen A) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated TE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk Factors for CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA Discordance in HIV-Infected Patients.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
October 2022
Background: Few large investigations have evaluated the association of cerebrospinal fluid/plasma (CSF/plasma) discordance with opportunistic neurological infections. We aimed to determine risk factors for CSF/plasma discordance to further assess whether CSF/plasma discordance is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic neurological infections.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on HIV RNA viral load and associated risk factors in plasma and CSF samples from 491 HIV-infected patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the best timing for starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with AIDS-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a serious condition that significantly increases mortality risk.
- Participants were divided into two groups: one started ART within 14 days of PCP diagnosis (Early ART), and the other waited longer than 14 days (Deferred ART), with outcomes measured over 48 weeks.
- Results showed no significant differences in mortality or adverse events between the two groups; however, more patients in the Deferred ART group died before starting treatment, suggesting that early intervention may have potential benefits.
Plant lignin is a component of the cell wall, and plays important roles in the transport potential of water and mineral nutrition and plant defence against biotic stresses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify lignin biosynthesis-related genes and dissect their functions and underlying mechanisms. Here, we characterised a cotton LAC, , which participates in lignin biosynthesis and plant resistance against .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It remains challenging to differentiate tuberculosis (TB) from non-TB pulmonary infections in HIV-infected patients. Herein, we developed a scoring system aimed to rapidly determine the likelihood of TB or non-TB pathology in HIV-infected patients presenting with pulmonary infections.
Methods: We collected and collated data of hospitalized HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infections, followed by univariate and multivariate data analyses to determine risk variables that were significantly different between HIV/TB patients and HIV/non-TB patients.
Article Synopsis
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a serious infection in AIDS patients that can lead to blindness, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes significantly.
- This study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 300 participants at 17 hospitals in mainland China, comparing early vs. deferred ART initiation following anti-CMV treatment.
- The main goal is to determine how early ART impacts visual loss and other health outcomes over 48 weeks, contributing to better management strategies for CMVR in AIDS patients.
Independent Risk Factors for Deaths due to AIDS in Chongqing, China: Does Age Matter?
Front Med (Lausanne)
February 2021
People living with HIV (PLWH) are aging worldwide, and different management strategies may be required for older and younger PLWH. However, demographic characteristics, illness distribution, mortality, and independent risk factors in the PLWH population in China are not yet fully understood, especially in patients aged 50 years or older. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4445 HIV-positive Chinese inpatients in Chongqing, China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis (HIV/CM) is controversial. We designed a clinical trial to inves-tigate the optimal timing for ART initiation in HIV/CM patients. This will be a multicenter, prospective, and randomized clinical trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This study aimed to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis of HIV-infected patients with toxoplasma encephalitis to create a risk scoring system.
- A retrospective analysis involving 94 hospitalized cases revealed a six-week mortality rate of 11.7% and identified seven significant risk factors linked to mortality.
- The developed scoring system showed high accuracy (AUC of 0.976) and can assist in timely treatment decisions for affected patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the effectiveness of three antiviral treatment regimens for mild to moderate COVID-19: ribavirin with interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir with interferon-α, and a combination of all three.
- In total, 101 patients participated, and comparison of outcomes showed that the median time to negative SARS-CoV-2 tests was shortest in the lopinavir/ritonavir group, but the differences across treatments were statistically insignificant.
- The combined treatment of ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon-α was associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects compared to the other regimens.
A study for precision diagnosing and treatment strategies in difficult-to-treat AIDS cases and HIV-infected patients with highly fatal or highly disabling opportunistic infections: Study protocol for antiretroviral therapy timing in AIDS patients with toxoplasma encephalitis.
Medicine (Baltimore)
July 2020
Article Synopsis
- Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is a significant opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, leading to high prevalence and morbidity, which makes the timing for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation after TE diagnosis a critical question.
- A clinical study with 200 participants is being conducted to compare early ART initiation (within 14 days of TE diagnosis) versus deferred initiation (after 14 days) and assess outcomes such as mortality rates and CD4+ count changes over 48 weeks.
- The trial aims to determine the optimal ART timing for improving treatment outcomes in AIDS/TE patients, potentially providing valuable insights for future clinical guidelines.
Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infection. Recent reports estimate that more than 400,000 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop PCP each year globally. However, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV-infected patients with PCP is still controversial, and the benefits and risks of early initiation of ART are not completely clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Increased cases of toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients with low CD4+ counts have led to the investigation of the effectiveness of sulfonamide combinations due to limited access to traditional treatments in China.
- This study will compare the effects of a readily available sulfonamides formulation plus clindamycin with the standard TMP-SMX plus azithromycin treatment over a 48-week follow-up period involving 200 participants.
- The trial aims to establish reliable evidence regarding the new treatment's efficacy and safety for AIDS patients suffering from toxoplasma encephalitis.