Enhanced itaconic acid secretion from macrophages mediates the protection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice.

Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) is critical to exacerbate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting inflammation, which could by shifted by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos). But the underlying rationale is not fully clarified. Our study aimed to analyze the significance of itaconic acid (ITA) in mediating the protective effects of MSC-exos on LPS-induced ALI.

Application of Natural and Calcined Oyster Shell Powders to Improve Latosol and Manage Nitrogen Leaching.

Excessive N fertilizer application has aggravated soil acidification and loss of N. Although oyster shell powder (OSP) can improve acidic soil, few studies have investigated its ability to retain soil N. Here, the physicochemical properties of latosol after adding OSP and calcined OSP (COSP) and the dynamic leaching patterns of ammonium N (NH-N), nitrate N (NO-N), and Ca in seepage, were examined through indoor culture and intermittent soil column simulation experiments.

Halogen-Doped Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Application, and Prospects.

Carbon dots (CDs) have many advantages, such as tunable photoluminescence, large two-photon absorption cross-sections, easy functionalization, low toxicity, chemical inertness, good dispersion, and biocompatibility. Halogen doping further improves the optical and physicochemical properties of CDs, extending their applications in fluorescence sensors, biomedicine, photocatalysis, anti-counterfeiting encryption, and light-emitting diodes. This review briefly describes the preparation of CDs via the "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches and discusses the preparation methods and applications of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine)-doped CDs.

An fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensing platform based on signal amplification strategy of hybridization chain reaction and triplex DNA for the detection of Chloramphenicol in milk.

The use of chloramphenicol (CAP) in food had been strictly regulated or banned in many countries. Herein, an enzyme-free fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy was established for sensitive, rapid and specific detection of CAP in milk, which was based on triplex DNA and hybridization chain reaction amplification. CAP can specifically bind to the aptamer and release the trigger sequence, causing HCR to efficiently prime and forming triplex DNA, hence the FRET pairs (FAM and TAMRA) were close enough to cause fluorescent decreases.

Recent Synthesis Developments of Organoboron Compounds via Metal-Free Catalytic Borylation of Alkynes and Alkenes.

Diboron reagents have been traditionally regarded as "Lewis acids", which can react with simple Lewis base to create a significant nucleophilic character in one of boryl moieties. In particular, bis(pinacolato)diboron (B₂pin₂) reacts with simple Lewis bases, such as -heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), phosphines and alkoxides. This review focuses on the application of trivalent nucleophilic boryl synthon in the selective preparation of organoboron compounds, mainly through metal-free catalytic diboration and the β-boration reactions of alkynes and alkenes.

Chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle improves hepatic lipid dysregulation and modulates hepatic fatty acid composition in rats with chronic endotoxin infusion.

Chlorogenic acid as a natural hydroxycinnamic acid has protective effect for liver. Endotoxin induced metabolic disorder, such as lipid dysregulation and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorogenic acid in rats with chronic endotoxin infusion.

Selective synthesis of alkylboronates by copper(I)-catalyzed borylation of allyl or vinyl arenes.

An efficient copper-catalyzed borylation reaction of allyl or vinyl arenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron has been developed, without using ligands. Markovnikov-selectivity is observed in the borylation of allyl arenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron, while the regioselectivity is completely opposite when styrene derivatives are used as substrates. A mechanism involving Cu-B species regioselectively adding olefin double bonds to form the alkylcopper or η(3)-benzyl copper intermediate, which is followed by protonation to obtain products, is proposed.

Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and fat metabolism in rats with L-tryptophan supplementation.

Tryptophan (TRP) is an important precursor for several neurotransmitters and metabolic regulators, which play a vital role in regulating nutrient metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tryptophan supplementation on the biochemical profiles, intestinal structure, liver structure and serum metabolome in rats. Rats received daily intragastric administration of either tryptophan at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight per day or saline (control group) for 7 days.

Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and energy metabolism in rats supplemented with chlorogenic acid.

This study was conducted to investigate effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation on serum and hepatic metabolomes in rats. Rats received daily intragastric administration of either CGA (60 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water (control) for 4 weeks. Growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, and hepatic morphology were measured.

Access to C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond formation via sequential intermolecular carbopalladation of multiple carbon-carbon bonds.

A synthetic strategy of 4-benzyl-substituted 1,3-butadiene derivatives through Pd-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of benzyl chlorides, alkynes, and monosubstituted alkenes is described. This tandem coupling reaction forms a C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bond and a C(sp(2))-C(sp(2)) bond sequentially in a single-step operation.

Synthesis of δ-bromo γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via palladium-catalyzed bromoalkylation of alkynoates.

Palladium-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective intermolecular tandem reaction of electron-deficient alkynes, CuBr(2), and allylic alcohol to synthesize δ-bromo-γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyls was developed. A mechanism involving bromopalladation of alkyne, followed by insertion of allylic alcohol and allylic hydrogen shift, is proposed. The shift of allylic hydrogen is the rate-limiting step in this reaction.

Poly[[aqua-bis(μ(3)-isonicotinato-κO:O':N)tris-(μ(2)-isonicotinato-κO,O':N)(nitrato-κO)bis-(μ(4)-oxalato-κO,O:O:O,O:O)dierbium(III)tetra-silver(I)] tetra-hydrate].

In the title coordination polymer, {[Ag(4)Er(2)(C(6)H(4)NO(2))(5)(C(2)O(4))(2)(NO(3))(H(2)O)]·4H(2)O}(n), each Er(III) atom is coordinated in a bicapped trigonal-prismatic coordination geometry by three O atoms from two isonicotinate (IN) ligands, four O atoms from two oxalate ligands and one O atom from either a nitrate ion or a water mol-ecule, both of which are half-occupied over the same site. One Ag(I) atom has a Y-shaped geometry defined by one N atom from one IN ligand, one O atom from another IN ligand and one O atom from an oxalate ligand. The other Ag(I) atom is coordinated by two IN ligands and one O atom from an oxalate ligand.

Poly[[hemi-μ(4)-oxalato-hemi-μ(2)-oxalato-bis-(μ(3)-pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ato)neodymium(III)silver(I)] monohydrate].

In the title coordination polymer, {[AgNd(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(2))(2)(C(2)O(4))]·H(2)O}(n), the Nd(III) atom is coordinated in a distorted monocapped square-anti-prismatic geometry by two O and two N atoms of two N,O-bidentate pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate (2-pzc) ligands, four O atoms of two bidentate oxalate ligands, and one O atom of a monodentate carboxyl-ate group of a 2-pzc ligand. The Ag(I) ion is coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry by two N atoms from two monodentate 2-pzc ligands, one O atom from one monodentate oxalate ligand and one O atom of a bridging carboxyl-ate group of a 2-pzc ligand. The oxalate anions link neighbouring neodymium(III) metal centres into Nd-oxalate chains, which are inter-connected by Ag(2-pyz)(2) units, forming a three-dimensional polymeric framework.