Spatiotemporal correlates of emotional conflict processing in typically developing adolescents using magnetoencephalography.

Brain networks involved in emotional conflict processing have been extensively studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging in adults. Yet, the temporal correlates of these brain activations are still largely unknown, particularly in a key phase of emotional development, adolescence. Here, we elucidate the spatiotemporal profile of emotional conflict processing in 24 typically developing adolescents (10-18 years; 22 Caucasian) during an emotional face-word Stroop task.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical somatosensory network in typically developing children.

Sense of touch is essential for our interactions with external objects and fine control of hand actions. Despite extensive research on human somatosensory processing, it is still elusive how involved brain regions interact as a dynamic network in processing tactile information. Few studies probed temporal dynamics of somatosensory information flow and reported inconsistent results.

Loss of gdnfa disrupts spermiogenesis and male courtship behavior in zebrafish.

Spermatogenesis is essential for establishment and maintenance of reproduction in male vertebrates. Spermatogenesis, which is mainly regulated by the combined action of hormones, growth factors, and epigenetic factors, is highly conserved. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily.

Overexpression of improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp ( L.) fed a high-starch diet.

Growth hormone (GH) is important for regulating insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism, and its role in mammalian models of diabetes is relatively worked out. Although some fish species were used as models for diabetes research, the effects of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in these models remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in an omnivorous fish using transgenic (T) common carp that consistently overexpressed and wild-type (WT) common carp.

Improved liver lipid catabolism and utilization in transgenic common carp ( L.) through enhanced lipolytic and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways.

() transgenic common carp ( L.) show desirable aquaculture traits. Their specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) are approximately 12% and 17% higher than the wild-type (WT) common carp, respectively.

Effects of Secretoneurin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on the Spawning of Captive Greater Amberjack ().

The greater amberjack (), a pelagic marine species with a global distribution, has considerable worldwide potential as an aquaculture species. However, difficulties have been encountered in inducing spontaneous spawning in cultured fish stocks. In this study, we analysed the key regulatory factors, secretoneurin (SN) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), in greater amberjack.

Dynamic Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Events Demonstrate Co-Regulation of Testicular Differentiation and Maturation by the Brain and Gonad in Common Carp.

The common carp () accounts for approximately 10% of the annual freshwater aquaculture production and is an ideal model to study cyprinidae reproduction. Female common carp grow faster than the males; therefore, related research presents an opportunity with high application value. Although we have a detailed understanding of common carp's early gonadal differentiation process, information about genome-wide gene expression, regulation, and underlying molecular mechanisms during this process remain limited.

Case Report: Laser Ablation Guided by State of the Art Source Imaging Ends an Adolescent's 16-Year Quest for Seizure Freedom.

Epilepsy surgery is the most effective therapeutic approach for children with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Recent advances in neurosurgery, such as the Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT), improved the safety and non-invasiveness of this method. Electric and magnetic source imaging (ESI/MSI) plays critical role in the delineation of the epileptogenic focus during the presurgical evaluation of children with DRE.

Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor but Not EGF Blocks Follicle Activation in Zebrafish Ovary.

Folliculogenesis is controlled by intimate communications between oocytes and surrounding follicle cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF/Egf) is an important paracrine/autocrine factor in vertebrate ovary, and it is well known for its stimulation of oocyte maturation. However, the role of EGF signaling through its receptor (EGFR/Egfr) in ovarian folliculogenesis is poorly understood, especially at early stages of follicle development.

Establishment of transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) models expressing fluorescence proteins in the oocytes and somatic supporting cells.

The interaction between gonadal somatic support cells and germ cells plays a crucial role in gonadal development. In fish, the process involves various local growth factors such as growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) and gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf), which are both members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Gdf9, an oocyte-secreted factor, is a potent regulator of folliculogenesis in both mammals and fish.

Aberrant somatosensory phase synchronization in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) often show disturbances of somatosensation. Despite extensive evidence of somatosensory deficits, neurophysiological alterations associated with somatosensory deficits in children with HCP have not been elucidated. Here, we aim to assess phase synchrony within and between contralateral primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory areas in children with HCP.

Organization of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (Lpxrfa) system in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion in birds and mammals. However, the role of GnIH (Lpxrfa) in teleosts is unknown. In this study, a transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) line Tg(gnih:mCherry) was developed to determine the organization of GnIH neurons in the brain.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex accelerates visuomotor adaptation with delayed feedback.

Implicit adaptation to visual rotations during fast reaching is a well-recognized function of the cerebellum. However, there is still no well-established understanding of the neural underpinnings that support explicit processes during visuomotor adaptation. We tested the causative involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in an adaptive reaching task by employing excitatory intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to left or right DLPFC during learning to adapt to a sudden large visual rotation with delayed terminal feedback.

Engineered Sensor Zebrafish for Fast Detection and Real-Time Tracking of Apoptosis at Single-Cell Resolution in Live Animals.

Apoptosis plays crucial roles during development and in disease conditions. While there are some methods to detect apoptosis in vitro, most of them are end-point assays that cannot be used to detect apoptosis in the physiological context of live animals. In this study, transgenic sensor zebrafish were generated that specifically produce a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor in the zebrafish skin.

Differential motor learning via reward and punishment.

Visuomotor adaptation involves multiple processes such as explicit learning, implicit learning from sensory prediction errors, and model-free mechanisms like use-dependent plasticity. Recent findings show that reward and punishment differently affect visuomotor adaptation. This study examined whether punishment and reward had distinct effects on explicit learning.

Probability differently modulating the effects of reward and punishment on visuomotor adaptation.

Recent human motor learning studies revealed that punishment seemingly accelerated motor learning but reward enhanced consolidation of motor memory. It is not evident how intrinsic properties of reward and punishment modulate the potentially dissociable effects of reward and punishment on motor learning and motor memory. It is also not clear what causes the dissociation of the effects of reward and punishment.

GABAergic Neurons and Their Modulatory Effects on GnRH3 in Zebrafish.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major amino acid neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. To provide detailed information on the distribution of the GABA in zebrafish (Danio rerio), neurons were labeled with mCherry driven by the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (gad67) promoter. In the transgenic line Tg(gad67:mCherry), mCherry-positive gad67 cell bodies were predominantly localized to the olfactory bulb, pallial zones, subpallium zones, parvocellular preoptic nucleus, periventricular gray zone of optic tectum, torus semicircularis, posterior tuberculum, medial longitudinal fascicle, caudal zone of periventricular hypothalamus, and oculomotor nucleus.

[Competing risk model based study of outcomes of mild cognitive impairment of seniors].

Objective: To introduce the competing risk model into outcome prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of seniors and to explore influencing factors for the prognosis of MCI to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Data were collected from six follow-up visits to 600 seniors from communities in Taiyuan city, which were conducted at an interval of six months from October 2010 to May 2013. MCI state was defined as the transient state, AD and death before AD as two absorbing states (death before AD in which was regarded as a competing risk event), building the competing risk model to identify the model parameters, and to explore influencing factors on MCI prognosis to AD.

[Item function analysis on the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease(QOL-AD)Chinese version, based on the Item Response Theory(IRT)].

Objective: To introduce the Item Function Analysis(IFA) of Quality of Life- Alzheimer's disease(QOL-AD)Chinese version and to explore the feasibility of its application on Chinese patients with AD.

Methods: Two hundred AD patients were interviewed and assessed by QOL-AD, through the stratified cluster sampling method. Multilog 7.

Increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) may be mediated by upregulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP).

In fish, food intake and feeding behavior are crucial for survival, competition, growth and reproduction. Growth hormone (GH)-transgenic common carp exhibit an enhanced growth rate, increased food intake and higher feed conversion rate. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of feeding regulation in GH-transgenic (TG) fish are not clear.