Sorghum grain as a bio-template: emerging, cost-effective, and metal-free synthesis of C-doped g-CN for photo-degradation of antibiotic, bisphenol A (BPA), and phenol under solar light irradiation.

Due to the industry's rapid growth, the presence of organic pollutants, especially antibiotics, in water and wastewater resources is the main concern for wildlife and human health. Therefore, these days, a significant challenge is developing an efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly photocatalyst. Natural biological models have numerous advantages compared to artificial model materials.

Ni/PiNe Heterogeneous Catalyst from Biomass Waste: Low-Loading, Ligand-Free Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling.

An efficient Ni-based heterogeneous catalyst from pine needles urban waste valorization was designed and developed with a resource recycling strategy. The Ni/PiNe catalyst was fully characterized and tested in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling under microwave irradiation. Although Ni is a promising candidate for replacing Pd-based catalytic systems, it generally requires a high catalyst amount and the exploitation of ligands and additives to enhance the reaction rate.

Inhibition of cytotoxic self-assembly of HEWL through promoting fibrillation by new synthesized α-hydroxycarbamoylphosphinic acids.

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the potency of new synthesized hydroxycarbamoyl phosphinic acid derivatives in modulating cytotoxic fibrillogenesis of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), as a common model in protein aggregation studies. Hydroxycarbamoyl phosphinic acid derivatives were prepared by the reaction of α-hydroxyalkylphosphinic acids with isocyanates (or isothiocyanates) in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl). The designed process involves the condensation reaction leading to formation of new C sp-P bond formation.

Preparation, acid modification and catalytic activity of kaolinite nanotubes in α-pinene oxide isomerization.

In this work kaolinite nanotubes (KNT) were obtained from commercial kaolin AKF-78 (Uzbekistan) by starting material sequential intercalation by DMSO and methanol, followed by treatment with a cetyltrimethylammonium chloride solution. Acid functionalization of KNT for catalytic applications was successfully performed for the first time using a two-step treatment with piranha solution (HSO-HO), which resulted in the removal of organic impurities as synthetic artifacts and an increase in specific surface area by 3.9 times (up to 159 m g), pore volume by 1.

CcPTGS2a-like gene-mediated NF-κB/ERK signaling regulation in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), a common biological macromolecule, is pivotal for innate immunity and pathogen recognition. In this study, we identified and characterized a CcPTGS2a-like gene in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1821 bp and epidermal growth factor and peroxidase domains. Our multiple sequence analysis revealed high homology between the amino acid sequence of CcPTGS2a-like and those of its homologs in other fish.

Ti-based MOFs with acetic acid pendings as an efficient catalyst in the preparation of new spiropyrans with biological moieties.

The strategy of designing heterogeneous porous catalysts by a post-modification method is a smart strategy to increase the catalytic power of desired catalysts. Accordingly, in this report, metal-organic frameworks based on titanium with acetic acid pending were designed and synthesized via post-modification method. The structure of the target catalyst has been investigated using different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, Mapping, and N adsorption/desorption (BET/the BJH) the correctness of its formation has been proven.

Dipolar Microenvironment Engineering Enabled by Electron Beam Irradiation for Boosting Catalytic Performance.

Creating a diverse dipolar microenvironment around the active site is of great significance for the targeted induction of intermediate behaviors to achieve complicated chemical transformations. Herein, an efficient and general strategy is reported to construct hypercross-linked polymers (HCPs) equipped with tunable dipolar microenvironments by knitting arene monomers together with dipolar functional groups into porous network skeletons. Benefiting from the electron beam irradiation modification technique, the catalytic sites are anchored in an efficient way in the vicinity of the microenvironment, which effectively facilitates the processing of the reactants delivered to the catalytic sites.

Modulating confinement space in metal-organic frameworks enables highly selective indole C3-formylation.

Here, Selective C3-formylation of indole was achieved under mild conditions using a metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst. The confined reaction space within the MOF pores effectively suppressed undesired side reactions and promoted the formation of the targeted product by controlling the reaction pathway. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborated the experimental observations.

Skin-Inspired, Highly Sensitive, Broad-Range-Response and Ultra-Strong Gradient Ionogels Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation.

Skin, characterized by its distinctive gradient structure and interwoven fibers, possesses remarkable mechanical properties and highly sensitive attributes, enabling it to detect an extensive range of stimuli. Inspired by these inherent qualities, a pioneering approach involving the crosslinking of macromolecules through in situ electron beam irradiation (EBI) is proposed to fabricate gradient ionogels. Such a design offers remarkable mechanical properties, including excellent tensile properties (>1000%), exceptional toughness (100 MJ m), fatigue resistance, a broad temperature range (-65-200°C), and a distinctive gradient modulus change.

Research progress of pattern recognition receptors in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Though Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) is a lower invertebrate, it has nonetheless developed a complex innate immune system. The crayfish farming industry has suffered considerable economic losses in recent years as a consequence of bacterial and viral diseases. Hence, perhaps the most effective ways to prevent microbial infections in P.

Catalytic Application of Functionalized Bimetallic-Organic Frameworks with Phosphorous Acid Tags in the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3-]pyridines.

Combining two different metals for the synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF) is a smart strategy for the architecture of new porous materials. Herein, a bimetal-organic framework (bimetal-MOFs) based on Fe and Co metals was synthesized. Then, phosphorous acid tags were decorated on bimetal-MOFs via a postmodification method as a new porous acidic functionalized catalyst.

Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks with Sulfonic Acid Tags in the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridines via a Cooperative Vinylogous Anomeric-Based Oxidation.

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of Co-MOF-71/imidazole/SOH as a novel porous catalyst with sulfonic acid tags. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were investigated using various techniques such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM elemental mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Barret-Joyner-Halenda, and N adsorption-desorption isotherms. Co-MOF-71/imidazole/SOH was studied in the preparation of novel pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridines under mild and green conditions via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation.

Utilizing ferrocene for doping iron into graphitic carbon nitride (Fe/g-CN): an internal dual photocatalyst for tandem oxidation/cyclization of toluene to benzimidazoles under visible light conditions.

Recently, doping metals into graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is considered for environmental applications and organic reactions. In this study, we used ferrocene as a source of Fe to dope iron onto g-CN. The scaffold of the internal electric field is presented as an impressive strategy to increase photocatalytic activities.

Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis.

Invited for this month's cover is the groups of Jiang Huang and Yanlong Gu at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The image shows a new method for the separation of dimethyl sulfoxide from a reaction solution of synthesizing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by means of using a cellulose microgel fabricated by electron beam irradiation as a bio-based absorbant. The Research Article itself is available at 10.

GSDMEa functions the pore-formation in cytomembrane and the regulation on the secretion of IL-lβ in common carp ().

GSDME is the only direct executor of caspase-dependent pyroptosis in both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes known to date in fish, and plays an important role in anti-bacterial infection and inflammatory response. In order to determine the regulation of GSDMEa on antibacterial infection in innate immune response, the gene in common carp () was first identified and characterized, and then its function related to immune defense was investigated. Our results showed that the expressions of GSDMEa at the mRNA and protein levels were both significantly increased after intraperitoneal infection at the early stage than that in the control group.

Induction and potential molecular mechanism of the enhanced immune response in Procambarus clarkii after secondary encountered with Aeromonas veronii.

For a long time, it was believed that invertebrates do not possess acquired immunity and mainly rely on innate immunity for protection against pathogens infection. However, an increasing number of studies have suggested that some form of "immune memory" can be initiated in invertebrates after primary exposure to the pathogen, which was defined as "specific immune priming". In the present study, two experiments were carried out to determine whether specific immune priming can be induced in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by Aeromonas veronii, if so, to identify the underlying mechanism.

Synthesis of pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles, pyrimidin-5-ones, and tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitriles by new superb oxovanadium(V)-[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pyridinium)-porphyrinato]-tetra(tricyanomethanide) catalyst via anomeric based oxidation.

Oxovanadium(V)-[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pyridinium)-porphyrinato]-tetra(tricyanomethanide) [(VO)TPP][(TCM)] was designed, synthesized and characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, EDX, SEM equipped with EDX mappings, CHN elemental analysis, ICP-OES, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, DTA, DRS, Kubelka-Munk function (Tauc's plot), and UV-Vis analyses. Then, [(VO)TPP][(TCM)] was used as a benign and expedient catalyst for the synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds such as 5-amino-7-(aryl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles, 5-amino-7-(aryl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles, 7-(aryl)-7,12-dihydro-5H-isochromeno[4,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones, and 4-(aryl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitriles under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C via a cooperative geminal-vinylogous anomeric based oxidation.

Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis.

In this study, an efficient method for the separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by the specific adsorption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with cellulose microgels fabricated by electron beam irradiation was developed. The cellulose microgel was recovered and reused although this was accompanied by a decrease in the separation efficiency. A series of characterizations, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and swelling ability tests, were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of the chemical structures of the microgel toward DMSO.

Synthesis of -(4-chlorophenyl) substituted pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles enabling PKBβ/AKT2 inhibitory and anti-glioma activity.

A series of -(4-chlorophenyl) substituted pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles was synthesised and screened for their potential to inhibit kinases and exhibit anticancer activity against primary patient-derived glioblastoma 2D cells and 3D neurospheres. A collection of 10 compounds was evaluated against glioma cell lines, with compound exhibiting promising glioma growth inhibitory properties. Compound was screened against 139 purified kinases and exhibited low micromolar activity against kinase AKT2/PKBβ.

Diversity-Oriented Metal-Free Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles Using Atropaldehyde Acetals as a Dual C3/C2-Synthon.

A highly efficient and elegant diversity-oriented reaction paradigm employing atropaldehyde acetals as new dual C2/C3 synthons was developed under metal-free conditions using glycine esters as the counterpart reagents, which allowed rapid synthesis of two important nitrogen-containing heterocycles, pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines and 3,5-diarylpyridines. The divergent products are subtly controlled by the manipulation of the substitutional groups of glycine esters. When a N-arylglycine ester was used, pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines can be formed through cascade oxidative C-C cleavage/multiple cyclization.

Novel nano-architectured carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with phosphorous acid tags as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of multisubstituted 4-pyran with indole moieties under mild conditions.

In this work, a new nano-structured catalyst with phosphorus acid moieties, synthesized by the reaction of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and phosphorus acid under refluxing EtOH. The structure and morphology of CQDs-N(CHPOH) were fully characterized using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The new CQDs-N(CHPOH) catalyst was successfully used for the synthesis of 2-amino-6-(2-methyl-1-indol-3-yl)-4-phenyl-4-pyran-3,5-dicarbonitriles by the one-pot reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, 3-(1-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile derivatives and malononitrile in refluxing EtOH and/or ultrasonic irradiation conditions.

A magnetic porous organic polymer: catalytic application in the synthesis of hybrid pyridines with indole, triazole and sulfonamide moieties.

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer are reported. The structure, morphology, and components of the prepared structure have been investigated with several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as FT-IR, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA/DTA, SEM, TEM, VSM, and BET analysis. Also, catalytic application of the prepared triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer was investigated for the synthesis of hybrid pyridine derivatives bearing indole, triazole and sulfonamide groups.

Pd-Catalyzed direct C-H arylation of pyrrolo[1,2-]quinoxalines.

An efficient Pd-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of pyrrolo[1,2-]quinoxalines with aryl iodides is described, providing a selective route toward a series of 1-arylated and 1,3-diarylated pyrrolo[1,2-]quinoxalines in good yields. This method features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and gram-scale synthesis. Furthermore, the C3-thiocyanation of the arylated product is also achieved.

Acid-catalyzed cleavage of C-C bonds enables atropaldehyde acetals as masked C2 electrophiles for organic synthesis.

Acid-catalyzed tandem reactions of atropaldehyde acetals were established for the synthesis of three important molecules, 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones, naphthofurans and stilbenes. The synthesis was realized using novel reaction cascades, which involved the same two initial steps: (i) S2' substitution, in which the atropaldehyde acted as an electrophile; and (ii) oxidative cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond of the generated phenylacetaldehyde-type products. Compared with literature methods, the present protocol not only avoided the use of expensive noble metal catalysts, but also enabled a simple operation.