Natural small molecules synergize mesenchymal stem cells for injury repair in vital organs: a comprehensive review.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a highly researched treatment that has the potential to promote immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antimicrobial activities. It is thought that it can enhance internal organ function, reverse tissue remodeling, and achieve significant organ repair and regeneration. However, the limited infusion, survival, and engraftment of transplanted MSCs diminish the effectiveness of MSCs-based therapy.

Ebronucimab in Chinese patients with hypercholesterolemia---A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ebronucimab.

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody(mAb) specifically for Chinese patients have been limited. This multi-center RCT is to clarify the efficacy and safety of a novel mAb, Ebronucimab, in Chinese patients. Patients diagnosed with primary hypercholesterolemia, including Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, or mixed dyslipidemia, were categorized by ASCVD risk and randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:1:2:1 to receive Ebronucimab 450 mg or matching placebo every 4 weeks (Q4W), or Ebronucimab 150 mg or matching placebo every 2 weeks (Q2W).

Small Extracellular Vesicles Laden Oxygen-Releasing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy against Anaerobe-Induced Periodontitis Alveolar Bone Defect.

Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic destructive inflammatory disease that leads to irreversible destruction of the tooth supporting structure, including connective tissue destruction, bone resorption, and even tooth loss. Until now, there has been no effective treatment to repair inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) emerged as the essential paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that mediated tissue regeneration.

Tafolecimab in Chinese patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia (CREDIT-1): a 48-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Tafolecimab, a fully human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, demonstrated robust lipid-lowering efficacy and favorable safety in previous short-term studies. We aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of tafolecimab in Chinese non-familial hypercholesterolemia (non-FH) patients.

Methods: Non-FH patients at high or very-high cardiovascular risk with screening low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ≥1.

Tafolecimab in Chinese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia (CREDIT-4): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial.

Background: Tafolecimab is a novel fully human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibody, developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tafolecimab in Chinese patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk with hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: Patients with diagnoses of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) by the Simon Broome criteria or at high or very high cardiovascular risk with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia, with screening low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ≥1.

A Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Incorporating Cardiovascular Comorbidities.

Background: Cardiovascular comorbidities (CVCs) affect the overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a prognostic evaluation system for these patients is currently lacking.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram, which takes CVCs into account, for predicting the survival of patients with CRC.

YLZ-F5, a novel polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor, inhibits human ovarian cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and mitotic defects.

Purpose: Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a member of the polo-like kinase family, plays several important roles in mitotic regulation, including centrosome duplication, spindle formation, and cytokinesis. PLK4 overexpression is frequently detected in many human cancers, including ovarian cancer, and the inhibition of PLK4 activity results in cancer cell mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, PLK4 might be a valid therapeutic target for antitumor therapy.

BMP4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by autophagy activation through JNK1-mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation.

Background: Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process with complicated roles in tumor development. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family of regulatory proteins, plays a crucial role in human malignancies. However, whether BMP4 contributes to the regulation of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains elusive.

BMP4 promotes oxaliplatin resistance by an induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via MEK1/ERK/ELK1 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is crucial for cancer cells to acquire chemoresistance. The effects of BMP4 on OXA sensitivity in HCC need to be elucidated.

Methods: Functional analysis of BMP4 on EMT-regulated OXA sensitivity was performed in human HCC specimens, in the HCC cell lines HepG2 and HCCLM3, and in a subcutaneous tumor model receiving OXA treatment.

BMP4 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression via ID2/CDKN1B signaling.

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, but the effects and signaling mechanisms of BMP4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not clearly clarified. The present study aimed to identify the roles of BMP4 in the proliferation of human HCC. In this study, BMP4 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the survival of HCC patients were analyzed in two independent cohorts consisting of 310 subjects.

The anti-tumor activities of Neferine on cell invasion and oxaliplatin sensitivity regulated by EMT via Snail signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Tumor invasion and chemotherapy resistance, which are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), remain as major challenges in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Neferine, a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, have been proven the antitumor efficiency in cancer, but the effects of Neferine on HCC invasion and chemosensitivity need to be elucidated. Applying multiple assays of cell proliferation, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot, fluorescence molecular tomography imaging, the influences of Neferine on EMT-regulated viability, apoptosis, invasion, and oxaliplatin (OXA) sensitivity were assessed in HCC cells of HepG2 and Bel-7402, as well as in xenograft animal models in vivo.

Integrin-linked kinase overexpression promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via nuclear factor-κB signaling in colorectal cancer cells.

Aim: To investigate the effect of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of the colorectal cancer cell line SW480.

Methods: In this study, the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was stably transfected with ILK plasmids, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB/p65. Methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to measure proliferation, and the wound healing migration assay and matrigel invasion assay were used to test the metastasis and invasion ability of SW480 cells.

[Expression of RASAL2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and the clinical significance].

Objective: To detect the expression of RA SAL2 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to investigate the association of RASAL2 expression with pathological characteristics and prognosis.

Methods: Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of RA SAL2 in 164 samples of HCC tissue and the adjacent tissue. Th e association of RA SAL2 expression with clinical features and prognosis was analyzed.

[Correlation between the expression of C-terminal tensin-like protein and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the correlation between the expression of C-terminal tensin-like protein (CTEN) and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we detected CTEN protein level in samples of primary lesion and adjacent non-tumor lesion collected from 240 patients with HCC. The relationship between CTEN expression and clinicopathology, 5 year recurrent-free survival, or overall survival was evaluated by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, or Cox regression analysis.

[Research on the correlation chart of near infrared spectra by using multiple scatter correction technique].

Correlation spectroscopy can be used to describe the linear correlationship between the absorbance and concentration data in the whole spectra range and clearly figure out the characteristic peak position of the sample under test. Meantime, this chart plays an extremely important role in offering the precise information for choosing the optimal wavelength set during the calibration process. Multiple scatter correct (MSC) spectroscopy is a kind of multiple variable scatter correction technique, and can effectively remove the base shift and tilt phenomenon caused by MSC.

[Analysis of saponin in Chinese ginsengs by NIR spectroscopy].

In the present paper the saponin in Chinese ginseng was analysed quantitatively by using near infrared spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of the primary ingredients in Chinese ginseng were obtained by applying second derivative, MSC (Multiple Scatter Correction), and correlation chart to the original absorbance spectra of ginseng. Meantime, in combination with the PLS algorithm the calibration process was performed for the quantitative analysis of saponin in Chinese ginseng.

[Research on the method of choosing optimum wavelengths combination by using multiple scattering correction technique].

Multiple scattering correction(MSC) algorithm can be used effectively to remove the effect of scattering due to the physical factors such as the density and humidity of sample granule, and as a result the ratio of signal to noise is improved greatly. Meantime correlation spectrum plays a important role in the choice of optimum wavelength set because it describes the linear correlationship between the absorbance and concentration of the sample's ingredient under analysis. However, the correlation spectrum obtained by unitary linear regression(ULR) at single wavelength channel can be easily affected by the scattering so as to cover up the characteristic linear information of the sample.

[Near infrared determination of the total sugar in Chinese ginsengs].

In the present paper the analysis of the total content of sugar in Chinese ginseng was carried out by using near infrared spectroscopy, and in combination with the PLS algorithm the calibration analysis was performed at the same time. The result shows that the precision obtained through common chemical methods is almost the same as the one through NIR spectroscopy. The SEC (standard error of calibration) is 1.

[The algorithm of eliminating the similar samples in the process of calibration and prediction].

During the manufacture and debugging of the NIR instruments it is compulsory to make final calibration analysis to verify whether the instruments operate correctly. However, the conventional method of NIR calibration needs to make calibration analysis for the instruments with all the samples at hand. In fact in order to cover the samples that will be encountered in the future the amount of the samples set and the labor that the personnel need to offer are enormous.

[The research to the optimal calibration model for discrete scanning spectrometers].

For spectrometers which don't operate in consistently scanning mode such as fixed-filter spectrometer, diode arrays spectrometer and so on, how to find an optimal wavelengths combination rapidly and accurately has always been a key problem in NIR so far. The conventional methods to choose the optimal wavelengths for calibration are Forward Stepwise multiple linear Regression (FSR) and Backward Stepwise Regression (BSR), which choose the optimal wavelengths based on the t test result of all the calibration wavelengths. However, maybe the wavelength eliminated is very useful in application and the wavelength chosen may not be so useful as expected, as a result it is compulsory to make more tests to verify the truly applicable wavelength combination for calibration.