Industrial Data Imputation Based on Multiscale Spatiotemporal Information Embedding With Asymmetrical Transformer.

In the process industry, the challenge of missing data significantly impairs the efficacy of data-driven process monitoring systems and soft sensor modeling, particularly due to issues, such as unbalanced sampling intervals and sensor malfunctions. Process data, inherently nonlinear and characterized by spatiotemporal coupling, are prone to distribution shifts, which traditional imputation techniques often fail to address comprehensively. To overcome these limitations, this article introduces a novel data imputation framework, termed multiscale spatiotemporal information embedding with asymmetrical Transformer (MSST-Former).

Altered thermal preference by preoptic estrogen receptor alpha neurons in postpartum females.

Objective: This study aims to investigate how reproductive experience (RE) alters thermal preference and thermoregulation in female mice, with a focus on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-expressing neurons in the preoptic area (POA).

Methods: Thermal preference and body temperature were measured in female mice with and without RE, and virgin female mice with selective deletion of ERα from the POA (ERα-KO). The number and activity of ERα-expressing POA neurons (ERα) were assessed using immunohistochemistry and in vitro electrophysiology in response to temperature changes and ERα agonist.

Association between colorectal cancer and arthritis among Americans in 2005-2016.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally. Some studies have found that arthritis could reduce the risk of CRC through inflammatory immune mediation. However, there have been no reports on whether arthritis is related to CRC.

Advances in biopharmaceutical products for hemophilia.

Hemophilia is caused by the deficiency of clotting factors due to a single genetic abnormality. Replacement therapies have evolved from plasma-derived to recombinant coagulation factor concentrates but continue to have certain limitations. Monoclonal antibodies are clinical prophylactic treatment options unaffected by inhibitors and have better compliance than coagulation factor concentrates for patients with hemophilia.

Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus require distinct neuronal subsets for thermogenesis and weight loss.

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) receives inputs from the preoptic area (POA), where ambient temperature mediates physiological adaptations of energy expenditure and food intake. Warm-activated POA neurons suppress energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue (BAT) projecting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area (dDMH/DHA). Our earlier work identified leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing, BAT-projecting dDMH/DHA neurons that mediate metabolic leptin effects.

FGF21 acts in the brain to drive macronutrient-specific changes in behavioral motivation and brain reward signaling.

Objective: Dietary protein restriction induces adaptive changes in food preference, increasing protein consumption over carbohydrates or fat. We investigated whether motivation and reward signaling underpin these preferences.

Methods And Results: In an operant task, protein-restricted male mice responded more for liquid protein rewards, but not carbohydrate, fat, or sweet rewards compared to non-restricted mice.

Identification of an ionic mechanism for ERα-mediated rapid excitation in neurons.

The major female ovarian hormone, 17β-estradiol (E), can alter neuronal excitability within milliseconds to regulate a variety of physiological processes. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα), classically known as a nuclear receptor, exists as a membrane-bound receptor to mediate this rapid action of E, but the ionic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that a membrane channel protein, chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (Clic1), can physically interact with ERα with a preference to the membrane-bound ERα.

Effect of the insecticide clothianidin on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in pea.

Clothianidin (CL) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in crop protection against insect pests. However, its effects on photosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, by investigating the influence of CL at the concentrations of 22 and 110 μg/L on the primary processes of photosynthesis, membrane fluidity and structural changes of pea chloroplasts, we located several primary binding sites of this pesticide.

27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on estrogen receptor α expressed by POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus to modulate feeding behavior.

Oxysterols are metabolites of cholesterol that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Among these, the most abundant oxysterol is 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), which can cross the blood-brain barrier. Because 27HC functions as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, we hypothesize that 27HC binds to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the brain to regulate energy balance.

The cerebellum modulates thirst.

The cerebellum, a phylogenetically ancient brain region, has long been considered strictly a motor control structure. Recent studies have implicated the cerebellum in cognition, sensation, emotion and autonomic function, making it an important target for further investigation. Here, we show that cerebellar Purkinje neurons in mice are activated by the hormone asprosin, leading to enhanced thirst, and that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of Purkinje neurons induces rapid manifestation of water drinking.

Application of CRISPR/Cas12a in miRNA-155 detection: A novel homogeneous electrochemiluminescence biosensor.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important non-coding RNA entities that affect gene expression and function by binding to target mRNAs, leading to degradation of the mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. MiRNAs are widely involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, development, metabolism, and apoptosis. In addition, miRNAs are associated with many diseases, including cancer.

Neural circuits expressing the serotonin 2C receptor regulate memory in mice and humans.

Declined memory is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experiments in rodents and human postmortem studies suggest that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) plays a role in memory, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of 5-HT 2C receptor (5-HTR) in regulating memory.

Entropy and distance-guided super self-ensembling for optic disc and cup segmentation.

Segmenting the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) is crucial to accurately detect changes in glaucoma progression in the elderly. Recently, various convolutional neural networks have emerged to deal with OD and OC segmentation. Due to the domain shift problem, achieving high-accuracy segmentation of OD and OC from different domain datasets remains highly challenging.

Estrogen counteracts age-related decline in beige adipogenesis through the NAMPT-regulated ER stress response.

Thermogenic beige adipocytes are recognized as potential therapeutic targets for combating metabolic diseases. However, the metabolic advantages that they offer are compromised with aging. Here we show that treating mice with estrogen (E2), a hormone that decreases with age, can counteract the age-related decline in beige adipogenesis when exposed to cold temperature while concurrently enhancing energy expenditure and improving glucose tolerance in mice.

FGF21 acts in the brain to drive macronutrient-specific changes in behavioral motivation and brain reward signaling.

Dietary protein restriction induces adaptive changes in food preference, increasing protein consumption over carbohydrates or fat. We investigated whether motivation and reward signaling underpin these preferences. In an operant task, protein-restricted male mice responded more for liquid protein rewards, but not carbohydrate, fat, or sweet rewards compared to non-restricted mice.

FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive changes in food intake and macronutrient preference in response to protein restriction.

Free-feeding animals navigate complex nutritional landscapes in which food availability, cost, and nutritional value can vary markedly. Animals have thus developed neural mechanisms that enable the detection of nutrient restriction, and these mechanisms engage adaptive physiological and behavioral responses that limit or reverse this nutrient restriction. This review focuses specifically on dietary protein as an essential and independently defended nutrient.

Development and Validation of a Diagnostic Model for Identifying Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Small Renal Masses Based on CT Radiological Features: A Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to develop a diagnostic model based on clinical and CT features for identifying clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in small renal masses (SRMs).

Material And Methods: This retrospective multi-centre study enroled patients with pathologically confirmed SRMs. Data from three centres were used as training set (n = 229), with data from one centre serving as an independent test set (n = 81).

Design, Synthesis, and Mode of Action of Thioacetamide Derivatives as the Algicide Candidate Based on Active Substructure Splicing Strategy.

Lakes and reservoirs worldwide are experiencing a growing problem with harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs), which have significant implications for ecosystem health and water quality. Algaecide is an effective way to control HCBs effectively. In this study, we applied an active substructure splicing strategy for rapid discovery of algicides.

BGF-Net: Boundary guided filter network for medical image segmentation.

How to fuse low-level and high-level features effectively is crucial to improving the accuracy of medical image segmentation. Most CNN-based segmentation models on this topic usually adopt attention mechanisms to achieve the fusion of different level features, but they have not effectively utilized the guided information of high-level features, which is often highly beneficial to improve the performance of the segmentation model, to guide the extraction of low-level features. To address this problem, we design multiple guided modules and develop a boundary-guided filter network (BGF-Net) to obtain more accurate medical image segmentation.

Estrogen signaling in the dorsal raphe regulates binge-like drinking in mice.

Estrogens promote binge alcohol drinking and contribute to sex differences in alcohol use disorder. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to test if estrogens act on 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (5-HT) to promote binge drinking.

Retinal vessel segmentation based on multi-scale feature and style transfer.

Retinal vessel segmentation is very important for diagnosing and treating certain eye diseases. Recently, many deep learning-based retinal vessel segmentation methods have been proposed; however, there are still many shortcomings (e.g.

Zhuifeng Tougu capsules in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (cold dampness obstruction syndrome): a randomized, double blind, multicenter clinical study.

Background: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, cold dampness obstruction is one of the common syndromes of osteoarthritis. Therefore, in clinical practice, the main treatment methods are to dispel wind, remove dampness, and dissipate cold, used to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This report describes a mulitercenter clinical study to assess Zhuifeng Tougu Capsule's efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients who are cold dampness obstruction syndrome in KOA, and to provide evidence-based medical for the rational use of Zhuifeng Tougu Capsules in clinical practice.