Natural polymer-based bioadhesives as hemostatic platforms for wound healing.

Medical adhesives are advanced but challenging alternatives to wound closure and repair, especially in mitigating uncontrolled hemorrhage. Ideal hemostatic adhesives need to meet good biocompatibility and biodegradability, adequate mechanical strength, and strong tissue adhesion functionality under wet and dynamic conditions. Considering these requirements, natural polymers such as polysaccharide, protein and DNA, attract great attention as candidates for making bioadhesives because of their distinctive physicochemical performances and biological properties.

The Carbohydrate Metabolism of .

has a strong carbohydrate utilization ability. This characteristic plays an important role in its gastrointestinal tract colonization and probiotic effects. LP-F1 presents a high carbohydrate utilization capacity.

Molecular mechanisms of maize endosperm transfer cell development.

Endosperm transfer cells function as the nutrient transporter, antimicrobic barrier, and signal mediator between filial and maternal tissues. Sugar supply of maternal tissues, sugar demand of filial tissues, and requirement for defence against pathogens are three elemental factors inducing differentiation of endosperm transfer cells. Epigenetic factors, especially MEG1, moderate the key genetic factor ZmMRP-1 to activate endosperm transfer cell-specific genes that control the flange wall ingrowth formation and defensin-like protein secretion in maize.

Observation and investigation of three endosperm transport tissues in sorghum caryopses.

Endosperm transport tissues in sorghum caryopses include endosperm transfer cells, endosperm conducting cells, and the embryo surrounding region. To elucidate the structural changes of these tissues and their relationship with the caryopsis development, sorghum caryopses were analyzed at different days after pollination using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. The following results were obtained: post-phloem maternal tissues included the placentochalaza and the nucellar projection-like nucellus.

The cereal starch endosperm development and its relationship with other endosperm tissues and embryo.

The cereal starch endosperm is the central part of endosperm, and it is rich in starch and protein which are the important resources for human food. The starch and protein are separately accumulated in starch granules and protein bodies. Content and configuration of starch granules and protein bodies affect the quality of the starch endosperm.

Protein accumulation in aleurone cells, sub-aleurone cells and the center starch endosperm of cereals.

There are mainly three endosperm storage tissues in the cereal endosperm: aleurone cells, sub-aleurone cells and the center starch endosperm. The protein accumulation is very different in the three endosperm storage tissues. The aleurone cells accumulate protein in aleurone granules.

Differentiation mechanism and function of the cereal aleurone cells and hormone effects on them.

The cereal aleurone cells differentiate from the endosperm epidermis with the exception of endosperm transfer cells. Aleurone cells contain proteins, lipids, and minerals, and are important for digesting the endosperm storage products to nurse the embryo under effects of several hormones during the seed germination. The differentiation of aleurone cells is related to location effect and special gene expression.

Development and function of caryopsis transport tissues in maize, sorghum and wheat.

Cereal caryopsis transport tissues are essential channels via which nutrients are transported into the embryo and endosperm. There are differences and similarities between caryopsis transport tissues of maize, sorghum and wheat. Vascular bundle, endosperm transfer cells, endosperm conducting cells and embryo surrounding region are common in maize, sorghum and wheat.

Contrast observation and investigation of wheat endosperm transfer cells and nucellar projection transfer cells.

In cereal seed, there are no symplastic connections between the maternal tissues and the endosperm. In order to facilitate solute transport, both the nucellar projection and its opposite endosperm epithelial cells in wheat caryopsis differentiate into transfer cells. In this paper, we did contrast observation and investigation of wheat endosperm transfer cells (ETC) and nucellar projection transfer cells (NPTC).

Current opinions on endosperm transfer cells in maize.

Endosperm transfer cells (ETC) mainly occur in the endosperm epithelial layer near the pedicel. They transport the nutrient unloaded by the maternal vascular tissue to filial tissues. Wall ingrowths of ETC can facilitate solute transportation.